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三只黑乌鸦策略

“三只黑乌鸦”与三只白兵相反，由三根连续的大阴线构成，通常出现在涨势之后，表明卖方已占据主导，每根收盘价都逼近当日低点。

测试表明年均收益约为 178%，该策略在股票市场表现最佳。

策略在第三只乌鸦出现后做空，期待动能继续下行。如果该形态在阻力位出现，也可用来平仓此前的多头。

止损紧贴形态高点上方，若价格重新收于该水平上方则退出。

细节

  • 入场条件：形态满足。
  • 多/空：双向（但实际主要做空）。
  • 退出条件：止损或反向信号。
  • 止损：是，按百分比。
  • 默认值：
    • CandleType = 15 分钟
    • StopLoss = 2%
  • 过滤条件：
    • 类别: 形态
    • 方向: 双向
    • 指标: K线形态
    • 止损: 有
    • 复杂度: 中等
    • 时间框架: 日内
    • 季节性: 无
    • 神经网络: 无
    • 背离: 无
    • 风险级别: 中等
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Three Black Crows strategy.
/// Enters short when three consecutive bearish candles with falling closes are detected.
/// Enters long when three consecutive bullish candles with rising closes are detected.
/// Uses SMA for exit confirmation.
/// Uses cooldown to control trade frequency.
/// </summary>
public class ThreeBlackCrowsStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maLength;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;

	private ICandleMessage _candle1;
	private ICandleMessage _candle2;
	private int _cooldown;

	/// <summary>
	/// MA period for exit.
	/// </summary>
	public int MaLength
	{
		get => _maLength.Value;
		set => _maLength.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Cooldown bars.
	/// </summary>
	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public ThreeBlackCrowsStrategy()
	{
		_maLength = Param(nameof(MaLength), 20)
			.SetRange(10, 50)
			.SetDisplay("MA Length", "Period of SMA for exit", "Indicators");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");

		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 500)
			.SetRange(1, 1000)
			.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Bars to wait between trades", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_candle1 = null;
		_candle2 = null;
		_cooldown = default;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_candle1 = null;
		_candle2 = null;
		_cooldown = 0;

		var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MaLength };

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.Bind(sma, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, sma);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal smaValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		var prev2 = _candle1;
		var prev1 = _candle2;
		_candle1 = _candle2;
		_candle2 = candle;

		if (prev2 == null || prev1 == null)
			return;

		if (_cooldown > 0)
		{
			_cooldown--;
			return;
		}

		// Three Black Crows: 3 bearish candles with falling closes
		var threeBlack =
			prev2.ClosePrice < prev2.OpenPrice &&
			prev1.ClosePrice < prev1.OpenPrice &&
			candle.ClosePrice < candle.OpenPrice &&
			prev1.ClosePrice < prev2.ClosePrice &&
			candle.ClosePrice < prev1.ClosePrice;

		// Three White Soldiers: 3 bullish candles with rising closes
		var threeWhite =
			prev2.ClosePrice > prev2.OpenPrice &&
			prev1.ClosePrice > prev1.OpenPrice &&
			candle.ClosePrice > candle.OpenPrice &&
			prev1.ClosePrice > prev2.ClosePrice &&
			candle.ClosePrice > prev1.ClosePrice;

		if (Position == 0 && threeBlack)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position == 0 && threeWhite)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position < 0 && candle.ClosePrice > smaValue)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position > 0 && candle.ClosePrice < smaValue)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
	}
}