Harami 策略
概述
HaramiStrategy 将 MetaTrader 的 “Harami” 专家顾问转换为 StockSharp 的高级 API 实现。策略在较高周期上寻找多头/空头的孕线形态,并通过动量扩张与长期 MACD 过滤器进行确认。系统只处理收盘后的完整K线,并使用 StockSharp 的保护模块管理风险。
数据与指标
- 基础周期: 可配置(默认 15 分钟),用于移动平均趋势判断。
- 高阶周期: 可配置(默认 1 小时),用于形态识别与动量确认。
- MACD 周期: 可配置(默认 30 天 K 线),模拟原策略使用的月线 MACD 过滤。
- 指标组合:
- 基础周期上的线性加权移动平均(
FastMaLength)。 - 基础周期上的指数移动平均(
SlowMaLength)。 - 高阶周期上的动量指标(
MomentumPeriod)。策略记录最近三根高阶K线动量值与 100 的绝对偏离量。 - MACD(12/26/9 组合)应用在 MACD 周期上。
- 基础周期上的线性加权移动平均(
多头条件
- 基础周期的慢速 EMA 高于快速 LWMA,说明趋势向上。
- 高阶周期出现看涨孕线:前一根K线为阳线,倒数第二根为阴线,并且当前阳线实体更小。
- 最近三根高阶K线中任意一个动量偏离值大于
MomentumBuyThreshold。 - MACD 主线位于信号线上方。
- 当前没有多头持仓(
Position <= 0)。 - 策略发送市价买单,先平掉所有空头,再新增
Volume手多头。
空头条件
- 基础周期的慢速 EMA 低于快速 LWMA。
- 高阶周期出现看跌孕线:倒数第二根为阳线,上一根为阴线,并且阴线实体更小。
- 最近三根高阶K线中任意一个动量偏离值大于
MomentumSellThreshold。 - MACD 主线位于信号线下方。
- 当前没有空头持仓(
Position >= 0)。 - 策略发送市价卖单,先平掉所有多头,再建立
Volume手空头。
风险控制
StartProtection 会按照点数安装止损和止盈。原始 EA 中的追踪止损、保本和资金管理逻辑为保持简洁而未在本版本实现。反向信号会自动对冲并翻转仓位。
参数
| 名称 | 说明 | 默认值 |
|---|---|---|
CandleType |
信号执行与均线计算的基础周期。 | 15 分钟 |
HigherCandleType |
孕线与动量确认所用的高阶周期。 | 1 小时 |
MacdCandleType |
MACD 过滤器的周期。 | 30 天 |
FastMaLength |
快速线性加权均线长度。 | 6 |
SlowMaLength |
慢速指数均线长度。 | 85 |
MomentumPeriod |
高阶周期动量回溯长度。 | 14 |
MomentumBuyThreshold |
多头确认所需的最小动量偏离。 | 0.3 |
MomentumSellThreshold |
空头确认所需的最小动量偏离。 | 0.3 |
StopLossPoints |
止损距离(点)。 | 40 |
TakeProfitPoints |
止盈距离(点)。 | 100 |
使用建议
- 根据可用历史数据协调
CandleType、HigherCandleType与MacdCandleType,确保高阶周期长于基础周期。 - 按照交易品种波动性调整动量阈值。
- 借助 StockSharp 的优化器,在给定范围内优化均线长度与动量阈值。
- 在真实交易前务必结合手续费与滑点进行充分回测。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
public class HaramiStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stopLossPoints;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _takeProfitPoints;
private ExponentialMovingAverage _fast;
private ExponentialMovingAverage _slow;
private decimal _prevFast;
private decimal _prevSlow;
private decimal _entryPrice;
private int _cooldown;
public int FastPeriod { get => _fastPeriod.Value; set => _fastPeriod.Value = value; }
public int SlowPeriod { get => _slowPeriod.Value; set => _slowPeriod.Value = value; }
public int StopLossPoints { get => _stopLossPoints.Value; set => _stopLossPoints.Value = value; }
public int TakeProfitPoints { get => _takeProfitPoints.Value; set => _takeProfitPoints.Value = value; }
public HaramiStrategy()
{
_fastPeriod = Param(nameof(FastPeriod), 14).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Fast Period", "Fast EMA period", "Indicator");
_slowPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowPeriod), 50).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Slow Period", "Slow EMA period", "Indicator");
_stopLossPoints = Param(nameof(StopLossPoints), 200).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss", "Stop-loss in price steps", "Risk");
_takeProfitPoints = Param(nameof(TakeProfitPoints), 400).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Take Profit", "Take-profit in price steps", "Risk");
}
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
yield return (Security, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame());
}
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_fast = null; _slow = null;
_prevFast = 0; _prevSlow = 0; _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 0;
}
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_fast = new ExponentialMovingAverage { Length = FastPeriod };
_slow = new ExponentialMovingAverage { Length = SlowPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame());
subscription.Bind(_fast, _slow, ProcessCandle);
subscription.Start();
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal fastValue, decimal slowValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished) return;
if (!_fast.IsFormed || !_slow.IsFormed) { _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (_cooldown > 0) { _cooldown--; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
var step = Security?.PriceStep ?? 1m;
if (Position > 0 && _entryPrice > 0)
{
if (StopLossPoints > 0 && close <= _entryPrice - StopLossPoints * step) { SellMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (TakeProfitPoints > 0 && close >= _entryPrice + TakeProfitPoints * step) { SellMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
}
else if (Position < 0 && _entryPrice > 0)
{
if (StopLossPoints > 0 && close >= _entryPrice + StopLossPoints * step) { BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (TakeProfitPoints > 0 && close <= _entryPrice - TakeProfitPoints * step) { BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
}
if (_prevFast <= _prevSlow && fastValue > slowValue && Position <= 0)
{ if (Position < 0) BuyMarket(); BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = close; _cooldown = 100; }
else if (_prevFast >= _prevSlow && fastValue < slowValue && Position >= 0)
{ if (Position > 0) SellMarket(); SellMarket(); _entryPrice = close; _cooldown = 100; }
_prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue;
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
from System import TimeSpan
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import ExponentialMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class harami_strategy(Strategy):
def __init__(self):
super(harami_strategy, self).__init__()
self._fast_period = self.Param("FastPeriod", 14) \
.SetDisplay("Fast Period", "Fast MA period", "Indicator")
self._slow_period = self.Param("SlowPeriod", 50) \
.SetDisplay("Slow Period", "Slow MA period", "Indicator")
self._stop_loss_points = self.Param("StopLossPoints", 200) \
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss", "Stop-loss in price steps", "Risk")
self._take_profit_points = self.Param("TakeProfitPoints", 400) \
.SetDisplay("Take Profit", "Take-profit in price steps", "Risk")
self._fast = None
self._slow = None
self._prev_fast = 0.0
self._prev_slow = 0.0
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
@property
def fast_period(self):
return self._fast_period.Value
@property
def slow_period(self):
return self._slow_period.Value
@property
def stop_loss_points(self):
return self._stop_loss_points.Value
@property
def take_profit_points(self):
return self._take_profit_points.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(harami_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._fast = None
self._slow = None
self._prev_fast = 0.0
self._prev_slow = 0.0
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(harami_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._fast = ExponentialMovingAverage()
self._fast.Length = self.fast_period
self._slow = ExponentialMovingAverage()
self._slow.Length = self.slow_period
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)))
subscription.Bind(self._fast, self._slow, self._process_candle)
subscription.Start()
def _process_candle(self, candle, fast_value, slow_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
fast_val = float(fast_value)
slow_val = float(slow_value)
if not self._fast.IsFormed or not self._slow.IsFormed:
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self._cooldown > 0:
self._cooldown -= 1
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
close = float(candle.ClosePrice)
step = float(self.Security.PriceStep) if self.Security is not None and self.Security.PriceStep is not None else 1.0
if self.Position > 0 and self._entry_price > 0:
if self.stop_loss_points > 0 and close <= self._entry_price - self.stop_loss_points * step:
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self.take_profit_points > 0 and close >= self._entry_price + self.take_profit_points * step:
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
elif self.Position < 0 and self._entry_price > 0:
if self.stop_loss_points > 0 and close >= self._entry_price + self.stop_loss_points * step:
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self.take_profit_points > 0 and close <= self._entry_price - self.take_profit_points * step:
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self._prev_fast <= self._prev_slow and fast_val > slow_val and self.Position <= 0:
if self.Position < 0:
self.BuyMarket()
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = close
self._cooldown = 100
elif self._prev_fast >= self._prev_slow and fast_val < slow_val and self.Position >= 0:
if self.Position > 0:
self.SellMarket()
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = close
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
def CreateClone(self):
return harami_strategy()