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Gap DM 策略
概述
Gap DM 是一种逆向跳空交易策略,通过比较上一根 K 线的收盘价与下一根 K 线的开盘价来捕捉开盘缺口。当市场出现明显跳空时,策略会立即向缺口反向建仓,期待价格回补。该实现基于 cmillion 的 MetaTrader 5 "Gap DM" EA,在 StockSharp 的高级 API 上重写,所有交易信号均来自所选周期的已完成 K 线,确保回测与实时执行的一致性。
信号逻辑
订阅由 CandleType 指定的 K 线序列。
仅在蜡烛完成(CandleStates.Finished)后评估信号。
记录上一根蜡烛的收盘价,并与当前蜡烛的开盘价比较。
依据品种 PriceStep 计算跳空点数,对于 3 或 5 位报价会自动乘以 10,以复现 MT5 中点与 pip 的换算。
若当前开盘价 低于 前一收盘价且差值不少于 Minimum Gap (pips),判定为向下跳空,策略 买入做多 。
若当前开盘价 高于 前一收盘价且差值不少于 Minimum Gap (pips),判定为向上跳空,策略 卖出做空 。
如果策略尚未准备好交易(例如离线、未加载完历史数据),则跳过信号。
仓位与限制
Order Volume 决定每次下单的手数,同时用于在反向开仓时先行平掉已有净仓位,以适配 StockSharp 的净额持仓模式。
Max Positions 控制同一方向可累积的最大净手数,当达到上限时将忽略新的同向信号。
当从空头翻多头或从多头翻空头时,策略会自动增加下单量,先平掉反向敞口再建立新的仓位。
风险控制
Stop Loss (pips) 以入场价为基准设置保护性止损。每根完成的 K 线都会检查价格区间,若穿越止损则立即使用市价单平仓。
Take Profit (pips) 与止损对称,达到目标价即市价平仓。将参数设为 0 可关闭止盈。
策略未实现跟踪止损,保持与原始 EA 相同的退出逻辑。
参数
参数
说明
默认值
Order Volume
每次入场的交易手数。
1
Stop Loss (pips)
止损距离(pip)。设为 0 表示禁用。
0
Take Profit (pips)
止盈距离(pip)。设为 0 表示禁用。
0
Minimum Gap (pips)
触发交易所需的最小跳空幅度。
1
Max Positions
同一方向允许的最大累积手数。
15
Candle Type
用于检测跳空的 K 线周期。
1 小时
执行流程
在每次启动时重置内部缓存(跳空阈值、止损/止盈价格、前值收盘)。
订阅 K 线并在图表可用时绘制蜡烛和成交记录。
对每根完成的 K 线执行以下步骤:
根据当前仓位更新或重置止损和止盈价格。
判断是否存在满足条件的跳空并发送市价单。
再次检查保护性价位,确保同一根 K 线内触发的止损/止盈不会被延迟。
保存当前收盘价,供下一根 K 线参考。
与原版 MT5 EA 的差异
StockSharp 采用净额持仓,因此通过调整净仓位来模拟 MT5 中的多次开单行为,而不是创建多个独立订单,但策略整体思路保持一致。
源代码内所有注释均为英文,以符合项目规范。
原 EA 的百分比风险管理(risk 模式)未移植,改为固定手数控制。请直接在 Order Volume 中输入希望交易的手数。
使用要求
需要交易品种提供有效的 PriceStep。
可用于任意基于时间、成交量或区间的 K 线,只要跳空概念适用。
需要可正常发送市价单并跟踪自身成交的 StockSharp 运行环境。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
public class GapDMStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stopLossPoints;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _takeProfitPoints;
private ExponentialMovingAverage _fast;
private ExponentialMovingAverage _slow;
private decimal _prevFast;
private decimal _prevSlow;
private decimal _entryPrice;
private int _cooldown;
public int FastPeriod { get => _fastPeriod.Value; set => _fastPeriod.Value = value; }
public int SlowPeriod { get => _slowPeriod.Value; set => _slowPeriod.Value = value; }
public int StopLossPoints { get => _stopLossPoints.Value; set => _stopLossPoints.Value = value; }
public int TakeProfitPoints { get => _takeProfitPoints.Value; set => _takeProfitPoints.Value = value; }
public GapDMStrategy()
{
_fastPeriod = Param(nameof(FastPeriod), 14).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Fast Period", "Fast EMA period", "Indicator");
_slowPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowPeriod), 50).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Slow Period", "Slow EMA period", "Indicator");
_stopLossPoints = Param(nameof(StopLossPoints), 200).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss", "Stop-loss in price steps", "Risk");
_takeProfitPoints = Param(nameof(TakeProfitPoints), 400).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Take Profit", "Take-profit in price steps", "Risk");
}
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
yield return (Security, TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame());
}
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_fast = null; _slow = null;
_prevFast = 0; _prevSlow = 0; _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 0;
}
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_fast = new ExponentialMovingAverage { Length = FastPeriod };
_slow = new ExponentialMovingAverage { Length = SlowPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame());
subscription.Bind(_fast, _slow, ProcessCandle);
subscription.Start();
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal fastValue, decimal slowValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished) return;
if (!_fast.IsFormed || !_slow.IsFormed) { _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (_cooldown > 0) { _cooldown--; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
var step = Security?.PriceStep ?? 1m;
if (Position > 0 && _entryPrice > 0)
{
if (StopLossPoints > 0 && close <= _entryPrice - StopLossPoints * step) { SellMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (TakeProfitPoints > 0 && close >= _entryPrice + TakeProfitPoints * step) { SellMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
}
else if (Position < 0 && _entryPrice > 0)
{
if (StopLossPoints > 0 && close >= _entryPrice + StopLossPoints * step) { BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
if (TakeProfitPoints > 0 && close <= _entryPrice - TakeProfitPoints * step) { BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = 0; _cooldown = 100; _prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue; return; }
}
if (_prevFast <= _prevSlow && fastValue > slowValue && Position <= 0)
{ if (Position < 0) BuyMarket(); BuyMarket(); _entryPrice = close; _cooldown = 100; }
else if (_prevFast >= _prevSlow && fastValue < slowValue && Position >= 0)
{ if (Position > 0) SellMarket(); SellMarket(); _entryPrice = close; _cooldown = 100; }
_prevFast = fastValue; _prevSlow = slowValue;
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
from System import TimeSpan
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import ExponentialMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class gap_dm_strategy(Strategy):
def __init__(self):
super(gap_dm_strategy, self).__init__()
self._fast_period = self.Param("FastPeriod", 14) \
.SetDisplay("Fast Period", "Fast MA period", "Indicator")
self._slow_period = self.Param("SlowPeriod", 50) \
.SetDisplay("Slow Period", "Slow MA period", "Indicator")
self._stop_loss_points = self.Param("StopLossPoints", 200) \
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss", "Stop-loss in price steps", "Risk")
self._take_profit_points = self.Param("TakeProfitPoints", 400) \
.SetDisplay("Take Profit", "Take-profit in price steps", "Risk")
self._fast = None
self._slow = None
self._prev_fast = 0.0
self._prev_slow = 0.0
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
@property
def fast_period(self):
return self._fast_period.Value
@property
def slow_period(self):
return self._slow_period.Value
@property
def stop_loss_points(self):
return self._stop_loss_points.Value
@property
def take_profit_points(self):
return self._take_profit_points.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(gap_dm_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._fast = None
self._slow = None
self._prev_fast = 0.0
self._prev_slow = 0.0
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(gap_dm_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._fast = ExponentialMovingAverage()
self._fast.Length = self.fast_period
self._slow = ExponentialMovingAverage()
self._slow.Length = self.slow_period
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)))
subscription.Bind(self._fast, self._slow, self._process_candle)
subscription.Start()
def _process_candle(self, candle, fast_value, slow_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
fast_val = float(fast_value)
slow_val = float(slow_value)
if not self._fast.IsFormed or not self._slow.IsFormed:
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self._cooldown > 0:
self._cooldown -= 1
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
close = float(candle.ClosePrice)
step = float(self.Security.PriceStep) if self.Security is not None and self.Security.PriceStep is not None else 1.0
if self.Position > 0 and self._entry_price > 0:
if self.stop_loss_points > 0 and close <= self._entry_price - self.stop_loss_points * step:
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self.take_profit_points > 0 and close >= self._entry_price + self.take_profit_points * step:
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
elif self.Position < 0 and self._entry_price > 0:
if self.stop_loss_points > 0 and close >= self._entry_price + self.stop_loss_points * step:
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self.take_profit_points > 0 and close <= self._entry_price - self.take_profit_points * step:
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = 0.0
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
return
if self._prev_fast <= self._prev_slow and fast_val > slow_val and self.Position <= 0:
if self.Position < 0:
self.BuyMarket()
self.BuyMarket()
self._entry_price = close
self._cooldown = 100
elif self._prev_fast >= self._prev_slow and fast_val < slow_val and self.Position >= 0:
if self.Position > 0:
self.SellMarket()
self.SellMarket()
self._entry_price = close
self._cooldown = 100
self._prev_fast = fast_val
self._prev_slow = slow_val
def CreateClone(self):
return gap_dm_strategy()