中文
在 GitHub 上查看

MACD 均值回归策略

该方法关注 MACD 柱状图相对于其平均值的偏离程度。极端的柱状图往往在动能消散后回归，通过监控 MACD 与信号线的差距来捕捉过度的走势。

测试表明年均收益约为 67%，该策略在股票市场表现最佳。

当柱状图低于均值 DeviationMultiplier 倍标准差时做多；当柱状图高于均值同样倍数时做空。柱状图回到平均水平即平仓。

此策略适合愿意反转动量极端的交易者，并以价格百分比止损，防止趋势继续扩展。

详细信息

  • 入场条件:
    • 做多: MACD Histogram < Avg - DeviationMultiplier * StdDev
    • 做空: MACD Histogram > Avg + DeviationMultiplier * StdDev
  • 多空方向: 双向
  • 退出条件:
    • 做多: Exit when Histogram > Avg
    • 做空: Exit when Histogram < Avg
  • 止损: 是
  • 默认值:
    • FastMacdPeriod = 12
    • SlowMacdPeriod = 26
    • SignalPeriod = 9
    • AveragePeriod = 20
    • DeviationMultiplier = 2
    • StopLossPercent = 2
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5) Avg和StdDev为最近AveragePeriod个MACD柱状图值（含当前值）的平均值和标准差。止损为入场价的固定StopLossPercent百分比，在K线之间同样监控；设为0则关闭。与持仓方向相反的入场信号会反转持仓。
  • 筛选条件:
    • 类别: 均值回归
    • 方向: 双向
    • 指标: MACD
    • 止损: 是
    • 复杂度: 中等
    • 时间框架: 日内
    • 季节性: 否
    • 神经网络: 否
    • 背离: 否
    • 风险等级: 中等
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// MACD Mean Reversion strategy.
/// The bands lie DeviationMultiplier standard deviations around the average of the last AveragePeriod histogram values, the current one included.
/// histogram below the lower band goes long and histogram above the upper band goes short,
/// reversing an opposite position. A long closes once histogram is back above its average and a short once it is back below it, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class MacdMeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastMacdPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowMacdPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _signalPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _averagePeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _deviationMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	private readonly Queue<decimal> _values = [];

	/// <summary>
	/// Fast EMA period of MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int FastMacdPeriod
	{
		get => _fastMacdPeriod.Value;
		set => _fastMacdPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Slow EMA period of MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int SlowMacdPeriod
	{
		get => _slowMacdPeriod.Value;
		set => _slowMacdPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Signal line period of MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int SignalPeriod
	{
		get => _signalPeriod.Value;
		set => _signalPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Values of histogram the average and the standard deviation span.
	/// </summary>
	public int AveragePeriod
	{
		get => _averagePeriod.Value;
		set => _averagePeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Standard deviations between the average and a band.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal DeviationMultiplier
	{
		get => _deviationMultiplier.Value;
		set => _deviationMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopLossPercent
	{
		get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
		set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public MacdMeanReversionStrategy()
	{
		_fastMacdPeriod = Param(nameof(FastMacdPeriod), 12)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MACD Fast", "Fast EMA period of MACD", "Indicators");

		_slowMacdPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowMacdPeriod), 26)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MACD Slow", "Slow EMA period of MACD", "Indicators");

		_signalPeriod = Param(nameof(SignalPeriod), 9)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MACD Signal", "Signal line period of MACD", "Indicators");

		_averagePeriod = Param(nameof(AveragePeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Values of histogram the average and the standard deviation span", "Indicators");

		_deviationMultiplier = Param(nameof(DeviationMultiplier), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators");

		_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
			.SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_values.Clear();
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_values.Clear();

		var macd = new MovingAverageConvergenceDivergenceSignal
		{
			Macd =
			{
				ShortMa = { Length = FastMacdPeriod },
				LongMa = { Length = SlowMacdPeriod },
			},
			SignalMa = { Length = SignalPeriod }
		};

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.BindEx(macd, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);

		// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
		foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
		{
			var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
			quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
			SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
		}

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);

			var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
			if (oscillators != null)
			{
				DrawIndicator(oscillators, macd);
			}
		}
	}

	private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
	{
		// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue macdValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (!macdValue.IsFormed || macdValue is not MovingAverageConvergenceDivergenceSignalValue { Macd: decimal macd, Signal: decimal signal })
			return;

		// The histogram is the MACD line minus its signal line.
		var value = macd - signal;

		_values.Enqueue(value);

		if (_values.Count > AveragePeriod)
			_values.Dequeue();

		if (_values.Count < AveragePeriod)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		var mean = _values.Average();
		var deviation = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)_values.Average(v => (v - mean) * (v - mean)));
		var upper = mean + DeviationMultiplier * deviation;
		var lower = mean - DeviationMultiplier * deviation;

		if (value < lower && Position <= 0)
			BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
		else if (value > upper && Position >= 0)
			SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
		else if (Position > 0 && value > mean)
			SellMarket(Position);
		else if (Position < 0 && value < mean)
			BuyMarket(-Position);
	}
}