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Williams %R 均值回归策略

Williams %R 在 0 到 -100 区间波动，用于衡量价格在最近区间中的相对位置。当指标远离自身均值时，本策略选择逆势进入。

测试表明年均收益约为 154%，该策略在股票市场表现最佳。

当 %R 低于平均值减 DeviationMultiplier 倍标准差时做多；当 %R 高于平均值加同样倍数时做空。指标回到均值附近即平仓。

这种方法适合依靠动量衰竭来把握进场时机的交易者，保护性止损可防止价格持续刷新极端。

详细信息

  • 入场条件:
    • 做多: %R < Avg - DeviationMultiplier * StdDev
    • 做空: %R > Avg + DeviationMultiplier * StdDev
  • 多空方向: 双向
  • 退出条件:
    • 做多: Exit when %R > Avg
    • 做空: Exit when %R < Avg
  • 止损: 是
  • 默认值:
    • WilliamsRPeriod = 14
    • AveragePeriod = 20
    • DeviationMultiplier = 2m
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
  • 筛选条件:
    • 类别: 均值回归
    • 方向: 双向
    • 指标: Williams %R
    • 止损: 是
    • 复杂度: 中等
    • 时间框架: 日内
    • 季节性: 否
    • 神经网络: 否
    • 背离: 否
    • 风险等级: 中等
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo;
using StockSharp.Algo.Candles;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

/// <summary>
/// Williams %R Mean Reversion strategy.
/// This strategy enters positions when Williams %R is significantly below or above its average value.
/// </summary>
public class WilliamsRMeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _williamsRPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _averagePeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _deviationMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;

	private decimal _prevWilliamsR;
	private decimal _avgWilliamsR;
	private decimal _stdDevWilliamsR;
	private decimal _sumWilliamsR;
	private decimal _sumSquaresWilliamsR;
	private int _count;
	private readonly Queue<decimal> _williamsRValues = [];

	/// <summary>
	/// Williams %R Period.
	/// </summary>
	public int WilliamsRPeriod
	{
		get => _williamsRPeriod.Value;
		set => _williamsRPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Period for calculating mean and standard deviation of Williams %R.
	/// </summary>
	public int AveragePeriod
	{
		get => _averagePeriod.Value;
		set => _averagePeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Deviation multiplier for entry signals.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal DeviationMultiplier
	{
		get => _deviationMultiplier.Value;
		set => _deviationMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stop-loss percentage.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopLossPercent
	{
		get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
		set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public WilliamsRMeanReversionStrategy()
	{
		_williamsRPeriod = Param(nameof(WilliamsRPeriod), 14)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			
			.SetOptimize(7, 21, 7)
			.SetDisplay("Williams %R Period", "Period for Williams %R indicator", "Indicators");

		_averagePeriod = Param(nameof(AveragePeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			
			.SetOptimize(10, 50, 10)
			.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Period for calculating Williams %R average and standard deviation", "Settings");

		_deviationMultiplier = Param(nameof(DeviationMultiplier), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			
			.SetOptimize(1.5m, 3m, 0.5m)
			.SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Multiplier for standard deviation", "Settings");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");

		_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			
			.SetOptimize(1m, 3m, 0.5m)
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss as percentage of entry price", "Risk Management");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_prevWilliamsR = 0;
		_avgWilliamsR = 0;
		_stdDevWilliamsR = 0;
		_sumWilliamsR = 0;
		_sumSquaresWilliamsR = 0;
		_count = 0;
		_williamsRValues.Clear();
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		// Reset variables

		// Create Williams %R indicator
		var williamsR = new WilliamsR { Length = WilliamsRPeriod };

		// Create subscription and bind indicator
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.BindEx(williamsR, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		// Setup chart visualization
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, williamsR);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}

		// Enable position protection
		StartProtection(
			takeProfit: new Unit(0m), // We'll manage exits ourselves based on Williams %R
			stopLoss: new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent)
		);

		base.OnStarted2(time);
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue williamsRValue)
	{
		// Skip unfinished candles
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		// Check if strategy is ready to trade
		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		// Extract Williams %R value
		var currentWilliamsR = williamsRValue.ToDecimal();

		// Update Williams %R statistics
		UpdateWilliamsRStatistics(currentWilliamsR);

		// Save current Williams %R for next iteration
		_prevWilliamsR = currentWilliamsR;

		// If we don't have enough data yet for statistics
		if (_count < AveragePeriod)
			return;

		// Check for entry conditions
		if (Position == 0)
		{
			// Long entry - Williams %R is significantly below its average
			if (currentWilliamsR < _avgWilliamsR - DeviationMultiplier * _stdDevWilliamsR)
			{
				BuyMarket(Volume);
				LogInfo($"Long entry: Williams %R = {currentWilliamsR}, Avg = {_avgWilliamsR}, StdDev = {_stdDevWilliamsR}");
			}
			// Short entry - Williams %R is significantly above its average
			else if (currentWilliamsR > _avgWilliamsR + DeviationMultiplier * _stdDevWilliamsR)
			{
				SellMarket(Volume);
				LogInfo($"Short entry: Williams %R = {currentWilliamsR}, Avg = {_avgWilliamsR}, StdDev = {_stdDevWilliamsR}");
			}
		}
		// Check for exit conditions
		else if (Position > 0) // Long position
		{
			if (currentWilliamsR > _avgWilliamsR)
			{
				ClosePosition();
				LogInfo($"Long exit: Williams %R = {currentWilliamsR}, Avg = {_avgWilliamsR}");
			}
		}
		else if (Position < 0) // Short position
		{
			if (currentWilliamsR < _avgWilliamsR)
			{
				ClosePosition();
				LogInfo($"Short exit: Williams %R = {currentWilliamsR}, Avg = {_avgWilliamsR}");
			}
		}
	}

	private void UpdateWilliamsRStatistics(decimal currentWilliamsR)
	{
		// Add current value to the queue
		_williamsRValues.Enqueue(currentWilliamsR);
		_sumWilliamsR += currentWilliamsR;
		_sumSquaresWilliamsR += currentWilliamsR * currentWilliamsR;
		_count++;

		// If queue is larger than period, remove oldest value
		if (_williamsRValues.Count > AveragePeriod)
		{
			var oldestWilliamsR = _williamsRValues.Dequeue();
			_sumWilliamsR -= oldestWilliamsR;
			_sumSquaresWilliamsR -= oldestWilliamsR * oldestWilliamsR;
			_count--;
		}

		// Calculate average and standard deviation
		if (_count > 0)
		{
			_avgWilliamsR = _sumWilliamsR / _count;
			
			if (_count > 1)
			{
				var variance = (_sumSquaresWilliamsR - (_sumWilliamsR * _sumWilliamsR) / _count) / (_count - 1);
				_stdDevWilliamsR = variance <= 0 ? 0 : (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)variance);
			}
			else
			{
				_stdDevWilliamsR = 0;
			}
		}
	}
}