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布林带反转策略

当价格突破布林带外侧时，往往会迅速回到中轨。本策略利用这一特性，在收盘价跌破下轨且蜡烛为阳时买入，在收盘价突破上轨且蜡烛为阴时做空。

测试表明年均收益约为 94%，该策略在股票市场表现最佳。

算法在每根K线计算布林带，并检测收盘价是否越过外带。若看涨蜡烛收于下轨之外，则开多仓；若看跌蜡烛收于上轨之外，则开空仓。止损依赖于ATR倍数，平仓则在价格回到中轨时执行。

均值回归交易通常只持续几根K线，因此该策略适合短期波动收缩阶段。

细节

  • 入场条件：阳线收盘低于下轨或阴线收盘高于上轨。
  • 多/空：双向。
  • 退出条件：价格回到中轨或止损。
  • 止损：是，基于 ATR。
  • 默认值：
    • BollingerPeriod = 20
    • BollingerDeviation = 2.0
    • AtrMultiplier = 2.0
    • CandleType = 5 分钟
  • 过滤条件：
    • 类别: 均值回归
    • 方向: 双向
    • 指标: 布林带, ATR
    • 止损: 有
    • 复杂度: 基础
    • 时间框架: 日内
    • 季节性: 无
    • 神经网络: 无
    • 背离: 无
    • 风险级别: 中等
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Bollinger Band Reversal strategy.
/// Enters long when price is below the lower Bollinger Band and candle is bullish.
/// Enters short when price is above the upper Bollinger Band and candle is bearish.
/// Exits at middle band.
/// </summary>
public class BollingerBandReversalStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _bollingerPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _bollingerDeviation;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;

	private int _cooldown;

	/// <summary>
	/// Bollinger Bands period.
	/// </summary>
	public int BollingerPeriod
	{
		get => _bollingerPeriod.Value;
		set => _bollingerPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Bollinger Bands deviation multiplier.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal BollingerDeviation
	{
		get => _bollingerDeviation.Value;
		set => _bollingerDeviation.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Cooldown bars.
	/// </summary>
	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public BollingerBandReversalStrategy()
	{
		_bollingerPeriod = Param(nameof(BollingerPeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Bollinger Period", "Period for Bollinger Bands", "Indicators");

		_bollingerDeviation = Param(nameof(BollingerDeviation), 2.0m)
			.SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("Bollinger Deviation", "Standard deviations for Bollinger Bands", "Indicators");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");

		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 500)
			.SetRange(1, 1000)
			.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Bars to wait between trades", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_cooldown = default;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_cooldown = 0;

		var bollingerBands = new BollingerBands
		{
			Length = BollingerPeriod,
			Width = BollingerDeviation
		};

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.BindEx(bollingerBands, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, bollingerBands);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue bollingerValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (!bollingerValue.IsFormed)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		if (_cooldown > 0)
		{
			_cooldown--;
			return;
		}

		var bb = (BollingerBandsValue)bollingerValue;
		var upperBand = bb.UpBand;
		var lowerBand = bb.LowBand;
		var middleBand = bb.MovingAverage;

		var isBullish = candle.ClosePrice > candle.OpenPrice;
		var isBearish = candle.ClosePrice < candle.OpenPrice;

		if (Position == 0 && candle.ClosePrice < lowerBand && isBullish)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position == 0 && candle.ClosePrice > upperBand && isBearish)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position > 0 && candle.ClosePrice > middleBand)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position < 0 && candle.ClosePrice < middleBand)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
	}
}