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ATR Step Trader 策略

概览

ATR Step Trader 策略移植自 MetaTrader5 专家顾问 atrTrader.mq5。策略利用快/慢简单移动平均线进行趋势过滤，并以平均真实波幅（ATR）来衡量入场、加仓以及止损距离。StockSharp 版本沿用原始 EA 的思路：仅在蜡烛收盘后运算、要求趋势连续确认若干根蜡烛，并且所有价差都以 ATR 倍数表示，以便适应不同市场的波动性。

指标与数据

  • 简单移动平均线（SMA）：FastPeriod 与 SlowPeriod 两个参数定义趋势过滤器，均基于订阅的蜡烛序列计算。
  • 平均真实波幅（ATR）：AverageTrueRange 指标（周期为 AtrPeriod）把波动转化为价格距离，所有突破、加仓和止损都使用 ATR 倍数。
  • 最高/最低通道：Highest 与 Lowest 指标跟踪最近 MomentumPeriod 根蜡烛的高点和低点，等价于 MQL 中的 iHighest/iLowest 调用。
  • 时间框架：默认订阅 1 小时蜡烛（TimeSpan.FromHours(1)），对应原 EA 的 PERIOD_CURRENT。通过参数 CandleType 可切换到任意时间框架。

入场规则

  1. 等待蜡烛收盘，未完成的蜡烛不参与运算，以保持与 MT5 中 OnTick + iTime 逻辑一致。
  2. 更新多头与空头的连续计数器：当快线高于慢线时，多头计数器递增并重置空头计数；当快线低于慢线时，空头计数递增并重置多头计数；持平则两个计数器都递增。
  3. 多头计数器达到 MomentumPeriod 后，确认收盘价仍然低于最近高点至少 StepMultiplier * ATR，触发买入。
  4. 空头计数器达到 MomentumPeriod 后，确认收盘价仍然高于最近低点至少 StepMultiplier * ATR，触发卖出。
  5. 首次建仓会记录当前方向的最高/最低建仓价，并设置初始波动止损（StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * ATR），以便后续层级继续参考。

持仓管理

  • 金字塔加仓：当持仓数量尚未达到 PyramidLimit 时，若价格相对参考极值移动了 ± StepsMultiplier * ATR，则再加一层仓位。这与原 EA 中的 “Steps” 机制一致，既能顺势加仓也能在回撤时摊薄。
  • 保护性止损：新仓位的初始止损位于 StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * ATR 的距离处。当仓位数达到上限时，止损会收紧到 StepMultiplier * ATR，模拟原 EA 在持有三单时的跟踪止损逻辑。
  • 不利退出：若价格突破最近层级的边界 StepsMultiplier * ATR，策略立即以市价平掉该方向的全部仓位。
  • 状态重置：全部离场后会清空连续计数器与止损参考，等待新的趋势条件再次成立。

参数

分组 名称 说明 默认值
Trend Filter FastPeriod 快速 SMA 周期。 70
Trend Filter SlowPeriod 慢速 SMA 周期。 180
Trend Filter MomentumPeriod 需要连续确认的蜡烛数量。 50
Volatility AtrPeriod ATR 计算窗口。 100
Entry Logic StepMultiplier 初次突破的 ATR 倍数阈值。 4
Entry Logic StepsMultiplier 每层加仓之间的 ATR 间距。 2
Risk Management StopMultiplier 初始止损相对于步长的额外倍数。 3
Position Sizing PyramidLimit 单方向允许的最大仓位层数。 3
Trading TradeVolume 每次下单的数量（使用策略 Volume）。 1
General CandleType 计算所使用的蜡烛类型。 TimeFrame(1h)

实用提示

  • 策略通过 TradeVolume 设置下单量，等价于 StockSharp 中的 Volume 属性，使用前请与品种合约乘数匹配。
  • 代码使用市价单（等同 MT5 中的 CTrade.Buy/Sell）。若品种流动性不足，可自行改成限价或止损单。
  • 内部维护的最高/最低参考值复刻了 MQL 中的 h_price 和 l_price，用于判断何时加仓或整体退出。
  • 原 EA 为每一单独立设置止损。移植版在策略层面统一管理止损，因此所有层级会同时退出，减少了交易通道对止损订单的依赖。
  • 在真实账户运行前务必回测或模拟。虽然 ATR 会随波动调整距离，但跳空和滑点仍可能导致实际亏损超过理论止损。
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;
using Ecng.Collections;
using Ecng.Serialization;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Multi-step ATR trend strategy converted from the "atrTrader" MQL5 expert advisor.
/// Filters trends with a dual moving-average stack, opens breakouts, and pyramids positions using ATR distances.
/// </summary>
public class AtrStepTraderStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _atrPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _momentumPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _pyramidLimit;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stepMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stepsMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _tradeVolume;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	private int _bullishStreak;
	private int _bearishStreak;
	private decimal? _previousSlow;
	private decimal? _longEntryHigh;
	private decimal? _longEntryLow;
	private decimal? _shortEntryHigh;
	private decimal? _shortEntryLow;
	private decimal? _longStopPrice;
	private decimal? _shortStopPrice;

	/// <summary>
	/// Fast moving average length.
	/// </summary>
	public int FastPeriod
	{
		get => _fastPeriod.Value;
		set => _fastPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Slow moving average length.
	/// </summary>
	public int SlowPeriod
	{
		get => _slowPeriod.Value;
		set => _slowPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// ATR calculation period.
	/// </summary>
	public int AtrPeriod
	{
		get => _atrPeriod.Value;
		set => _atrPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Number of consecutive bars that must confirm the trend direction.
	/// </summary>
	public int MomentumPeriod
	{
		get => _momentumPeriod.Value;
		set => _momentumPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Maximum number of stacked entries per direction.
	/// </summary>
	public int PyramidLimit
	{
		get => _pyramidLimit.Value;
		set => _pyramidLimit.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// ATR multiple used for breakout gating.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StepMultiplier
	{
		get => _stepMultiplier.Value;
		set => _stepMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// ATR multiple used for pyramiding distance checks.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StepsMultiplier
	{
		get => _stepsMultiplier.Value;
		set => _stepsMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Additional multiplier that widens the protective stop distance.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopMultiplier
	{
		get => _stopMultiplier.Value;
		set => _stopMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Base order volume for market entries.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal TradeVolume
	{
		get => _tradeVolume.Value;
		set => _tradeVolume.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type used for calculations.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Initialize <see cref="AtrStepTraderStrategy"/>.
	/// </summary>
	public AtrStepTraderStrategy()
	{
		_fastPeriod = Param(nameof(FastPeriod), 70)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Fast MA Period", "Length of the fast moving average", "Trend Filter")
			
			.SetOptimize(50, 100, 10);

		_slowPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowPeriod), 180)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Slow MA Period", "Length of the slow moving average", "Trend Filter")
			
			.SetOptimize(120, 240, 20);

		_atrPeriod = Param(nameof(AtrPeriod), 100)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("ATR Period", "ATR window used for distance calculations", "Volatility")
			
			.SetOptimize(50, 150, 10);

		_momentumPeriod = Param(nameof(MomentumPeriod), 3)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Momentum Bars", "Number of consecutive bars required for trend confirmation", "Trend Filter")
			
			.SetOptimize(30, 80, 5);

		_pyramidLimit = Param(nameof(PyramidLimit), 3)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Pyramid Limit", "Maximum number of entries per direction", "Position Sizing")
			
			.SetOptimize(2, 4, 1);

		_stepMultiplier = Param(nameof(StepMultiplier), 4m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Step Multiplier", "ATR multiple for breakout validation", "Entry Logic")
			
			.SetOptimize(2m, 6m, 1m);

		_stepsMultiplier = Param(nameof(StepsMultiplier), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Steps Multiplier", "ATR multiple for add-on spacing", "Entry Logic")
			
			.SetOptimize(1m, 3m, 0.5m);

		_stopMultiplier = Param(nameof(StopMultiplier), 3m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Multiplier", "Extra multiplier applied on top of the step distance", "Risk Management")
			
			.SetOptimize(2m, 4m, 0.5m);

		_tradeVolume = Param(nameof(TradeVolume), 1m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Trade Volume", "Base order size for market entries", "Trading")
			
			.SetOptimize(0.5m, 2m, 0.5m);

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromHours(1).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Time frame used for processing", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();

		_bullishStreak = 0;
		_bearishStreak = 0;
		_previousSlow = null;
		_longEntryHigh = null;
		_longEntryLow = null;
		_shortEntryHigh = null;
		_shortEntryLow = null;
		_longStopPrice = null;
		_shortStopPrice = null;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		Volume = TradeVolume;

		var fastMa = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = FastPeriod };
		var slowMa = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = SlowPeriod };
		var atr = new AverageTrueRange { Length = AtrPeriod };
		var highest = new Highest { Length = MomentumPeriod };
		var lowest = new Lowest { Length = MomentumPeriod };

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.Bind(fastMa, slowMa, atr, highest, lowest, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, fastMa);
			DrawIndicator(area, slowMa);
			DrawIndicator(area, atr);
			DrawIndicator(area, highest);
			DrawIndicator(area, lowest);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal fastValue, decimal slowValue, decimal atrValue, decimal highest, decimal lowest)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (atrValue <= 0m)
			return;

		UpdateMomentumCounters(fastValue, slowValue);

		var price = candle.ClosePrice;
		var previousSlow = _previousSlow;
		_previousSlow = slowValue;

		var volume = Volume;
		if (volume <= 0m)
			volume = 1m;

		var netPosition = Position;
		var longCount = netPosition > 0m ? (int)Math.Round(netPosition / volume, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) : 0;
		var shortCount = netPosition < 0m ? (int)Math.Round(-netPosition / volume, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero) : 0;

		if (longCount == 0 && shortCount == 0)
		{
			if (previousSlow.HasValue && slowValue > 0m)
			{
				var bullishReady = _bullishStreak >= MomentumPeriod && price > previousSlow.Value;
				if (bullishReady)
				{
					BuyMarket(Volume);
					longCount = 1;
					_longEntryHigh = price;
					_longEntryLow = price;
					_longStopPrice = price - StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * atrValue;
				}
			}

			if (longCount == 0 && previousSlow.HasValue && slowValue > 0m)
			{
				var bearishReady = _bearishStreak >= MomentumPeriod && price < previousSlow.Value;
				if (bearishReady)
				{
					SellMarket(Volume);
					shortCount = 1;
					_shortEntryHigh = price;
					_shortEntryLow = price;
					_shortStopPrice = price + StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * atrValue;
				}
			}
		}
		else if (longCount > 0 && shortCount == 0)
		{
			ManageLongPosition(ref longCount, price, atrValue);
		}
		else if (shortCount > 0 && longCount == 0)
		{
			ManageShortPosition(ref shortCount, price, atrValue);
		}
	}

	private void UpdateMomentumCounters(decimal fastValue, decimal slowValue)
	{
		if (fastValue > slowValue)
		{
			_bullishStreak++;
			_bearishStreak = 0;
		}
		else if (fastValue < slowValue)
		{
			_bearishStreak++;
			_bullishStreak = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			_bullishStreak++;
			_bearishStreak++;
		}
	}

	private void ManageLongPosition(ref int longCount, decimal price, decimal atrValue)
	{
		if (_longEntryHigh is not decimal high || _longEntryLow is not decimal low)
			return;

		var stepsDistance = StepsMultiplier * atrValue;
		var stepDistance = StepMultiplier * atrValue;

		if (_longStopPrice.HasValue && price <= _longStopPrice.Value)
		{
			SellMarket(Position);
			longCount = 0;
			ResetLongState();
			return;
		}

		if (longCount < PyramidLimit)
		{
			if (price >= high + stepsDistance || price <= low - stepsDistance)
			{
				BuyMarket(Volume);
				longCount++;
				_longEntryHigh = Math.Max(high, price);
				_longEntryLow = Math.Min(low, price);
				UpdateLongStopAfterEntry(price, atrValue);
				return;
			}
		}

		if (price <= low - stepsDistance)
		{
			SellMarket(Position);
			longCount = 0;
			ResetLongState();
			return;
		}

		if (longCount >= PyramidLimit)
		{
			var tightened = price - stepDistance;
			if (!_longStopPrice.HasValue || tightened > _longStopPrice.Value)
				_longStopPrice = tightened;
		}
	}

	private void ManageShortPosition(ref int shortCount, decimal price, decimal atrValue)
	{
		if (_shortEntryHigh is not decimal high || _shortEntryLow is not decimal low)
			return;

		var stepsDistance = StepsMultiplier * atrValue;
		var stepDistance = StepMultiplier * atrValue;

		if (_shortStopPrice.HasValue && price >= _shortStopPrice.Value)
		{
			BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
			shortCount = 0;
			ResetShortState();
			return;
		}

		if (shortCount < PyramidLimit)
		{
			if (price <= low - stepsDistance || price >= high + stepsDistance)
			{
				SellMarket(Volume);
				shortCount++;
				_shortEntryHigh = Math.Max(high, price);
				_shortEntryLow = Math.Min(low, price);
				UpdateShortStopAfterEntry(price, atrValue);
				return;
			}
		}

		if (price >= high + stepsDistance)
		{
			BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
			shortCount = 0;
			ResetShortState();
			return;
		}

		if (shortCount >= PyramidLimit)
		{
			var tightened = price + stepDistance;
			if (!_shortStopPrice.HasValue || tightened < _shortStopPrice.Value)
				_shortStopPrice = tightened;
		}
	}

	private void UpdateLongStopAfterEntry(decimal entryPrice, decimal atrValue)
	{
		var stop = entryPrice - StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * atrValue;
		if (!_longStopPrice.HasValue || stop > _longStopPrice.Value)
			_longStopPrice = stop;
	}

	private void UpdateShortStopAfterEntry(decimal entryPrice, decimal atrValue)
	{
		var stop = entryPrice + StepMultiplier * StopMultiplier * atrValue;
		if (!_shortStopPrice.HasValue || stop < _shortStopPrice.Value)
			_shortStopPrice = stop;
	}

	private void ResetLongState()
	{
		_longEntryHigh = null;
		_longEntryLow = null;
		_longStopPrice = null;
		_bullishStreak = 0;
	}

	private void ResetShortState()
	{
		_shortEntryHigh = null;
		_shortEntryLow = null;
		_shortStopPrice = null;
		_bearishStreak = 0;
	}
}