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趋势捕捉突破策略

概述

趋势捕捉突破策略（Trend Catcher Breakout）来源于 MetaTrader 5 专家顾问 “Trend_Catcher_v2”的移植版本。策略将三条指数移动平均线与 Parabolic SAR 指标结合在一起，用于识别趋势反转和趋势延续信号。算法基于单一品种与单一周期，并且只在 K 线收盘后做出决策，因此既适合在 StockSharp Designer 中回测，也能通过 StockSharp API 应用在实时环境中运行。

指标与过滤条件

  • Parabolic SAR：检测价格相对于 SAR 的翻转，提示潜在的趋势反向点。
  • 慢速 EMA：衡量大周期的主方向。
  • 快速 EMA：跟随价格的短期变化，用于确认当前动能。
  • 触发 EMA：确保入场价格不过度偏离均线，避免追高或杀跌。
  • 交易日开关：可按星期选择允许或禁止交易日。

交易规则

做多条件

  1. 收盘价位于当前 Parabolic SAR 之上；
  2. 前一根 K 线的收盘价低于前一周期的 Parabolic SAR（多头翻转）；
  3. 快速 EMA 高于慢速 EMA，表明处于上升趋势；
  4. 收盘价高于触发 EMA，过滤逆势信号；
  5. 当前没有持仓，且本根 K 线内没有关闭过仓位。

做空条件

满足上述条件的镜像：

  1. 收盘价低于当前 Parabolic SAR；
  2. 前一根 K 线收盘价高于前一周期 Parabolic SAR（空头翻转）；
  3. 快速 EMA 低于慢速 EMA；
  4. 收盘价低于触发 EMA；
  5. 当前没有持仓，且本根 K 线内没有关闭过仓位。

当启用 Reverse Signals（信号反转）参数时，做多与做空条件会互换，从而以相反方向执行突破信号。

仓位管理

  • 自动止损：若启用，止损距离等于价格与 Parabolic SAR 的差值乘以 StopLossCoefficient，并限制在 MinStopLoss 与 MaxStopLoss 范围内。
  • 自动止盈：止盈距离等于止损乘以 TakeProfitCoefficient。停用自动模式时使用 ManualStopLoss 与 ManualTakeProfit 的固定数值。
  • 风险化仓位：根据账户权益和 RiskPercent 计算下单数量。如果上一笔交易亏损且启用 Use Martingale，下单量会乘以 MartingaleMultiplier。
  • 保本与追踪止损：当浮盈达到 BreakevenTrigger 时，将止损移动至入场价加上 BreakevenOffset（做空则减去）。当收益继续扩大到 TrailingTrigger 时，止损会以 TrailingStep 的距离跟随价格移动。
  • 反向信号平仓：启用 CloseOnOppositeSignal 时，一旦出现反向信号会立即平掉已有仓位。
  • 单根 K 线仅一次入场：策略记录最近的平仓时间，在同一根 K 线内不会再次开仓。

参数列表

参数 说明 默认值
CandleType 用于计算的主要 K 线周期。 15 分钟
CloseOnOppositeSignal 出现反向信号时立即平仓。 true
ReverseSignals 交换做多与做空的条件。 false
TradeMonday … TradeFriday 控制周一到周五是否允许交易。 true
SlowMaPeriod 慢速 EMA 的周期。 200
FastMaPeriod 快速 EMA 的周期。 50
FastFilterPeriod 触发 EMA 的周期。 25
SarStep Parabolic SAR 的加速步长。 0.004
SarMax Parabolic SAR 的最大加速。 0.2
AutoStopLoss 是否启用自动止损计算。 true
AutoTakeProfit 是否启用自动止盈计算。 true
MinStopLoss / MaxStopLoss 止损距离的上下限。 0.001 / 0.2
StopLossCoefficient 计算止损时的倍数。 1
TakeProfitCoefficient 计算止盈时的倍数。 1
ManualStopLoss 关闭自动模式时使用的固定止损。 0.002
ManualTakeProfit 关闭自动模式时使用的固定止盈。 0.02
RiskPercent 单笔交易承担的权益百分比。 2
UseMartingale 亏损后放大下次下单量。 true
MartingaleMultiplier 马丁倍率。 2
BreakevenTrigger 触发保本的收益阈值。 0.005
BreakevenOffset 移动到保本时的缓冲距离。 0.0001
TrailingTrigger 开始追踪止损的收益阈值。 0.005
TrailingStep 追踪止损与价格的固定距离。 0.001

使用提示

  • 策略始终使用市价单入场和出场，若需要限制滑点应在交易适配器中配置。
  • 由于所有计算基于收盘价，回测精度依赖于提供的 K 线粒度与历史数据质量。
  • 全部参数通过 StrategyParam 暴露，可在 StockSharp Designer 中进行优化或在自动化流程中动态调整。
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;
using Ecng.Collections;
using Ecng.Serialization;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Trend Catcher strategy converted from MetaTrader 5 implementation.
/// Combines Parabolic SAR flips with EMA trend filters and adaptive risk management.
/// </summary>
public class TrendCatcherBreakoutStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _closeOnOppositeSignal;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _reverseSignals;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _tradeMonday;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _tradeTuesday;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _tradeWednesday;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _tradeThursday;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _tradeFriday;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowMaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastMaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastFilterPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _sarStep;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _sarMax;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _autoStopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _autoTakeProfit;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _minStopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _maxStopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossCoefficient;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _takeProfitCoefficient;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _manualStopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _manualTakeProfit;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _riskPercent;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _useMartingale;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _martingaleMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _breakevenTrigger;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _breakevenOffset;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _trailingTrigger;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _trailingStep;

	private ExponentialMovingAverage _slowMa = null!;
	private ExponentialMovingAverage _fastMa = null!;
	private ExponentialMovingAverage _fastFilterMa = null!;
	private ParabolicSar _parabolicSar = null!;

	private decimal _previousClose;
	private decimal? _previousSar;
	private decimal? _entryPrice;
	private decimal _stopLossPrice;
	private decimal _takeProfitPrice;
	private bool _lastTradeWasLoss;
	private DateTimeOffset? _lastExitTime;

	/// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TrendCatcherBreakoutStrategy"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        public TrendCatcherBreakoutStrategy()
	{
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Primary timeframe for signal calculations", "General");

		_closeOnOppositeSignal = Param(nameof(CloseOnOppositeSignal), true)
			.SetDisplay("Close On Opposite", "Exit when an opposite signal appears", "General");

		_reverseSignals = Param(nameof(ReverseSignals), false)
			.SetDisplay("Reverse Signals", "Invert long and short entries", "General");

		_tradeMonday = Param(nameof(TradeMonday), true)
			.SetDisplay("Trade Monday", "Allow trading on Mondays", "Trading Days");

		_tradeTuesday = Param(nameof(TradeTuesday), true)
			.SetDisplay("Trade Tuesday", "Allow trading on Tuesdays", "Trading Days");

		_tradeWednesday = Param(nameof(TradeWednesday), true)
			.SetDisplay("Trade Wednesday", "Allow trading on Wednesdays", "Trading Days");

		_tradeThursday = Param(nameof(TradeThursday), true)
			.SetDisplay("Trade Thursday", "Allow trading on Thursdays", "Trading Days");

		_tradeFriday = Param(nameof(TradeFriday), true)
			.SetDisplay("Trade Friday", "Allow trading on Fridays", "Trading Days");

		_slowMaPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowMaPeriod), 200)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Slow EMA", "Length of the slow EMA filter", "Indicators");

		_fastMaPeriod = Param(nameof(FastMaPeriod), 50)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Fast EMA", "Length of the fast EMA", "Indicators");

		_fastFilterPeriod = Param(nameof(FastFilterPeriod), 25)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Trigger EMA", "Length of the trigger EMA", "Indicators");

		_sarStep = Param(nameof(SarStep), 0.004m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("SAR Step", "Acceleration step for Parabolic SAR", "Indicators");

		_sarMax = Param(nameof(SarMax), 0.2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("SAR Max", "Maximum acceleration for Parabolic SAR", "Indicators");

		_autoStopLoss = Param(nameof(AutoStopLoss), true)
			.SetDisplay("Auto Stop Loss", "Derive stop-loss from Parabolic SAR", "Risk");

		_autoTakeProfit = Param(nameof(AutoTakeProfit), true)
			.SetDisplay("Auto Take Profit", "Derive take-profit from stop-loss", "Risk");

		_minStopLoss = Param(nameof(MinStopLoss), 0.001m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Min Stop", "Minimum allowed stop distance", "Risk");

		_maxStopLoss = Param(nameof(MaxStopLoss), 0.2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Max Stop", "Maximum allowed stop distance", "Risk");

		_stopLossCoefficient = Param(nameof(StopLossCoefficient), 1m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("SL Coefficient", "Multiplier applied to SAR distance", "Risk");

		_takeProfitCoefficient = Param(nameof(TakeProfitCoefficient), 1m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("TP Coefficient", "Multiplier applied to take-profit distance", "Risk");

		_manualStopLoss = Param(nameof(ManualStopLoss), 0.002m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Manual Stop", "Fixed stop distance when automation is disabled", "Risk");

		_manualTakeProfit = Param(nameof(ManualTakeProfit), 0.02m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Manual Target", "Fixed target distance when automation is disabled", "Risk");

		_riskPercent = Param(nameof(RiskPercent), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Risk %", "Account risk per trade", "Risk");

		_useMartingale = Param(nameof(UseMartingale), true)
			.SetDisplay("Use Martingale", "Increase risk after a losing trade", "Risk");

		_martingaleMultiplier = Param(nameof(MartingaleMultiplier), 2m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Martingale Mult", "Multiplier applied after a loss", "Risk");

		_breakevenTrigger = Param(nameof(BreakevenTrigger), 0.005m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Breakeven Trigger", "Profit needed before moving stop to entry", "Exits");

		_breakevenOffset = Param(nameof(BreakevenOffset), 0.0001m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Breakeven Offset", "Extra buffer when moving stop to breakeven", "Exits");

		_trailingTrigger = Param(nameof(TrailingTrigger), 0.005m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Trailing Trigger", "Profit needed to activate trailing stop", "Exits");

		_trailingStep = Param(nameof(TrailingStep), 0.001m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Trailing Step", "Distance maintained by the trailing stop", "Exits");
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Selected candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Gets or sets whether to close on opposite signal.
	/// </summary>
	public bool CloseOnOppositeSignal
	{
		get => _closeOnOppositeSignal.Value;
		set => _closeOnOppositeSignal.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Gets or sets whether to reverse signals.
	/// </summary>
	public bool ReverseSignals
	{
		get => _reverseSignals.Value;
		set => _reverseSignals.Value = value;
	}

	public bool TradeMonday
	{
		get => _tradeMonday.Value;
		set => _tradeMonday.Value = value;
	}

	public bool TradeTuesday
	{
		get => _tradeTuesday.Value;
		set => _tradeTuesday.Value = value;
	}

	public bool TradeWednesday
	{
		get => _tradeWednesday.Value;
		set => _tradeWednesday.Value = value;
	}

	public bool TradeThursday
	{
		get => _tradeThursday.Value;
		set => _tradeThursday.Value = value;
	}

	public bool TradeFriday
	{
		get => _tradeFriday.Value;
		set => _tradeFriday.Value = value;
	}

	public int SlowMaPeriod
	{
		get => _slowMaPeriod.Value;
		set => _slowMaPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	public int FastMaPeriod
	{
		get => _fastMaPeriod.Value;
		set => _fastMaPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	public int FastFilterPeriod
	{
		get => _fastFilterPeriod.Value;
		set => _fastFilterPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal SarStep
	{
		get => _sarStep.Value;
		set => _sarStep.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal SarMax
	{
		get => _sarMax.Value;
		set => _sarMax.Value = value;
	}

	public bool AutoStopLoss
	{
		get => _autoStopLoss.Value;
		set => _autoStopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	public bool AutoTakeProfit
	{
		get => _autoTakeProfit.Value;
		set => _autoTakeProfit.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal MinStopLoss
	{
		get => _minStopLoss.Value;
		set => _minStopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal MaxStopLoss
	{
		get => _maxStopLoss.Value;
		set => _maxStopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal StopLossCoefficient
	{
		get => _stopLossCoefficient.Value;
		set => _stopLossCoefficient.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal TakeProfitCoefficient
	{
		get => _takeProfitCoefficient.Value;
		set => _takeProfitCoefficient.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal ManualStopLoss
	{
		get => _manualStopLoss.Value;
		set => _manualStopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal ManualTakeProfit
	{
		get => _manualTakeProfit.Value;
		set => _manualTakeProfit.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal RiskPercent
	{
		get => _riskPercent.Value;
		set => _riskPercent.Value = value;
	}

	public bool UseMartingale
	{
		get => _useMartingale.Value;
		set => _useMartingale.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal MartingaleMultiplier
	{
		get => _martingaleMultiplier.Value;
		set => _martingaleMultiplier.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal BreakevenTrigger
	{
		get => _breakevenTrigger.Value;
		set => _breakevenTrigger.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal BreakevenOffset
	{
		get => _breakevenOffset.Value;
		set => _breakevenOffset.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal TrailingTrigger
	{
		get => _trailingTrigger.Value;
		set => _trailingTrigger.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal TrailingStep
	{
		get => _trailingStep.Value;
		set => _trailingStep.Value = value;
	}

	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		yield return (Security, CandleType);
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_previousClose = 0m;
		_previousSar = null;
		_entryPrice = null;
		_stopLossPrice = 0m;
		_takeProfitPrice = 0m;
		_lastTradeWasLoss = false;
		_lastExitTime = null;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		// Create indicators for Parabolic SAR and EMA filters.
		_slowMa = new EMA { Length = SlowMaPeriod };
		_fastMa = new EMA { Length = FastMaPeriod };
		_fastFilterMa = new EMA { Length = FastFilterPeriod };
		_parabolicSar = new ParabolicSar
		{
			Acceleration = SarStep,
			AccelerationStep = SarStep,
			AccelerationMax = SarMax
		};

		// Subscribe to candle flow and bind indicators to the processing method.
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.Bind(_slowMa, _fastMa, _fastFilterMa, _parabolicSar, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		// Draw indicators and trades on the chart when possible.
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, _slowMa);
			DrawIndicator(area, _fastMa);
			DrawIndicator(area, _fastFilterMa);
			DrawIndicator(area, _parabolicSar);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal slow, decimal fast, decimal fastFilter, decimal sar)
	{
		// Skip unfinished candles.
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		// Ensure data and connections are ready before trading.
		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		// Manage existing position and handle trailing logic.
		var exitTriggered = ManageActivePosition(candle);
		if (exitTriggered)
		{
			_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
			_previousSar = sar;
			return;
		}

		// Ignore signals on disabled trading days.
		if (!IsTradingDay(candle.OpenTime.DayOfWeek))
		{
			_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
			_previousSar = sar;
			return;
		}

		// Detect SAR flips confirmed by EMA alignment.
		var longSignal = false;
		var shortSignal = false;

		if (_previousSar is decimal prevSar && _previousClose != 0)
		{
			longSignal = candle.ClosePrice > sar &&
				_previousClose < prevSar &&
				fast > slow &&
				candle.ClosePrice > fastFilter;

			shortSignal = candle.ClosePrice < sar &&
				_previousClose > prevSar &&
				fast < slow &&
				candle.ClosePrice < fastFilter;
		}

		if (ReverseSignals)
		{
			var temp = longSignal;
			longSignal = shortSignal;
			shortSignal = temp;
		}

		// Optionally exit when an opposite setup appears.
		if (CloseOnOppositeSignal)
		{
			if (longSignal && Position < 0)
			{
				CloseShort(candle, candle.ClosePrice);
			}
			else if (shortSignal && Position > 0)
			{
				CloseLong(candle, candle.ClosePrice);
			}
		}

		// Allow only one fresh entry per candle.
		var canOpen = Position == 0 && (!_lastExitTime.HasValue || _lastExitTime < candle.OpenTime);

		if (canOpen && longSignal)
		{
			TryOpenLong(candle, sar);
		}
		else if (canOpen && shortSignal)
		{
			TryOpenShort(candle, sar);
		}

		_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
		_previousSar = sar;
	}

	private bool ManageActivePosition(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		// Handle long positions.
		if (Position > 0 && _entryPrice.HasValue)
		{
			var exitPrice = 0m;

			if (_stopLossPrice > 0 && candle.LowPrice <= _stopLossPrice)
				exitPrice = _stopLossPrice;
			else if (_takeProfitPrice > 0 && candle.HighPrice >= _takeProfitPrice)
				exitPrice = _takeProfitPrice;

			if (exitPrice > 0)
			{
				CloseLong(candle, exitPrice);
				return true;
			}

			var profit = candle.ClosePrice - _entryPrice.Value;

			if (profit >= BreakevenTrigger)
			{
				var breakeven = _entryPrice.Value + BreakevenOffset;
				if (_stopLossPrice < breakeven)
					_stopLossPrice = breakeven;
			}

			if (profit >= TrailingTrigger)
			{
				var newStop = candle.ClosePrice - TrailingStep;
				if (_stopLossPrice < newStop)
					_stopLossPrice = newStop;
			}
		}
		// Handle short positions.
		else if (Position < 0 && _entryPrice.HasValue)
		{
			var exitPrice = 0m;

			if (_stopLossPrice > 0 && candle.HighPrice >= _stopLossPrice)
				exitPrice = _stopLossPrice;
			else if (_takeProfitPrice > 0 && candle.LowPrice <= _takeProfitPrice)
				exitPrice = _takeProfitPrice;

			if (exitPrice > 0)
			{
				CloseShort(candle, exitPrice);
				return true;
			}

			var profit = _entryPrice.Value - candle.ClosePrice;

			if (profit >= BreakevenTrigger)
			{
				var breakeven = _entryPrice.Value - BreakevenOffset;
				if (_stopLossPrice == 0 || _stopLossPrice > breakeven)
					_stopLossPrice = breakeven;
			}

			if (profit >= TrailingTrigger)
			{
				var newStop = candle.ClosePrice + TrailingStep;
				if (_stopLossPrice == 0 || _stopLossPrice > newStop)
					_stopLossPrice = newStop;
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

	private void TryOpenLong(ICandleMessage candle, decimal sar)
	{
		// Calculate stops and determine volume for a potential long entry.
		if (!TryCalculateStops(candle.ClosePrice, sar, true, out var stopPrice, out var takePrice, out var stopDistance))
			return;

		var volume = CalculateOrderVolume(stopDistance);
		if (volume <= 0)
			return;

		BuyMarket();
		_entryPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
		_stopLossPrice = stopPrice;
		_takeProfitPrice = takePrice;
	}

	private void TryOpenShort(ICandleMessage candle, decimal sar)
	{
		// Calculate stops and determine volume for a potential short entry.
		if (!TryCalculateStops(candle.ClosePrice, sar, false, out var stopPrice, out var takePrice, out var stopDistance))
			return;

		var volume = CalculateOrderVolume(stopDistance);
		if (volume <= 0)
			return;

		SellMarket();
		_entryPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
		_stopLossPrice = stopPrice;
		_takeProfitPrice = takePrice;
	}

	private void CloseLong(ICandleMessage candle, decimal exitPrice)
	{
		// Close long position with a market order.
		var volume = Position;
		if (volume <= 0)
			return;

		SellMarket();
		FinalizeTrade(exitPrice, candle.OpenTime, false);
	}

	private void CloseShort(ICandleMessage candle, decimal exitPrice)
	{
		// Close short position with a market order.
		var volume = Math.Abs(Position);
		if (volume <= 0)
			return;

		BuyMarket();
		FinalizeTrade(exitPrice, candle.OpenTime, true);
	}

	private void FinalizeTrade(decimal exitPrice, DateTimeOffset time, bool wasShort)
	{
		// Store result of the latest position for future sizing decisions.
		if (_entryPrice.HasValue)
		{
			_lastTradeWasLoss = !wasShort ? exitPrice <= _entryPrice.Value : exitPrice >= _entryPrice.Value;
		}
		else
		{
			_lastTradeWasLoss = false;
		}

		_entryPrice = null;
		_stopLossPrice = 0;
		_takeProfitPrice = 0;
		_lastExitTime = time;
	}

	private decimal CalculateOrderVolume(decimal stopDistance)
	{
		// Determine order size according to risk settings.
		if (stopDistance <= 0)
			return 0;

		var volume = Volume;
		var equity = Portfolio?.CurrentValue ?? 0m;
		var riskAmount = equity * (RiskPercent / 100m);

		if (riskAmount > 0)
		{
			var size = riskAmount / stopDistance;
			if (size > 0)
				volume = size;
		}

		if (UseMartingale && _lastTradeWasLoss)
			volume *= MartingaleMultiplier;

		return volume;
	}

	private bool TryCalculateStops(decimal entryPrice, decimal sar, bool isLong, out decimal stopPrice, out decimal takePrice, out decimal stopDistance)
	{
		// Build stop-loss and take-profit levels for the next order.
		stopPrice = 0m;
		takePrice = 0m;
		stopDistance = 0m;

		decimal distance;
		if (AutoStopLoss)
		{
			if (sar == 0)
				return false;

			distance = Math.Abs(entryPrice - sar) * StopLossCoefficient;
		}
		else
		{
			distance = ManualStopLoss;
		}

		if (distance <= 0)
			return false;

		var minStop = Math.Min(MinStopLoss, MaxStopLoss);
		var maxStop = Math.Max(MinStopLoss, MaxStopLoss);
		distance = Clamp(distance, minStop, maxStop);
		stopDistance = distance;

		stopPrice = isLong ? entryPrice - distance : entryPrice + distance;

		decimal targetDistance;
		if (AutoTakeProfit)
		{
			targetDistance = distance * TakeProfitCoefficient;
		}
		else
		{
			targetDistance = ManualTakeProfit;
		}

		if (targetDistance > 0)
			takePrice = isLong ? entryPrice + targetDistance : entryPrice - targetDistance;

		return true;
	}

	private static decimal Clamp(decimal value, decimal min, decimal max)
	{
		// Helper method to clamp decimal values within a range.
		if (value < min)
			return min;
		if (value > max)
			return max;
		return value;
	}

	private bool IsTradingDay(DayOfWeek day)
	{
		// Evaluate day-of-week trading switches.
		return day switch
		{
			DayOfWeek.Monday => TradeMonday,
			DayOfWeek.Tuesday => TradeTuesday,
			DayOfWeek.Wednesday => TradeWednesday,
			DayOfWeek.Thursday => TradeThursday,
			DayOfWeek.Friday => TradeFriday,
			_ => false
		};
	}
}