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动量因子股票策略

本策略利用经典的 12‑1 个月动量因子。每月底按过去 12 个月（忽略最近 1 个月）的收益率对股票排序，动量最高的五分位买入，动量最低的五分位卖空，形成市场中性头寸。

每月第一个交易日进行再平衡，仓位等权并持有至下一次调整，期间不设置止损。

大量学术和行业研究表明，动量因子能提供持久的超额收益，并在与其他因子组合时具有良好的分散化效果。

细节

  • 入场条件：按 12‑1 个月动量排序，每月再平衡；多头最高五分位、空头最低五分位
  • 多/空：双向
  • 退出条件：下一次月度再平衡
  • 止损：无
  • 默认值：
    • LookbackDays = 252
    • SkipDays = 21
    • Quintile = 5
    • MinTradeUsd = 200
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromDays(1)
  • 过滤：
    • 类别：动量
    • 方向：双向
    • 指标：价格变化
    • 止损：无
    • 复杂度：中等
    • 时间框架：中期
    • 季节性：无
    • 神经网络：无
    • 背离：无
    • 风险级别：中等
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Configuration;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Momentum factor strategy that trades the primary instrument when its medium-term momentum outperforms a benchmark after filtering out the most recent short-term move.
/// </summary>
public class MomentumFactorStocksStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<string> _security2Id;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _skipPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _normalizationPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _entryThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _exitThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	private Security _benchmark = null!;
	private RateOfChange _primaryLongMomentum = null!;
	private RateOfChange _benchmarkLongMomentum = null!;
	private RateOfChange _primaryShortMomentum = null!;
	private RateOfChange _benchmarkShortMomentum = null!;
	private SimpleMovingAverage _spreadAverage = null!;
	private StandardDeviation _spreadDeviation = null!;
	private decimal _latestPrimarySignal;
	private decimal _latestBenchmarkSignal;
	private decimal? _previousZScore;
	private bool _primaryUpdated;
	private bool _benchmarkUpdated;
	private int _cooldownRemaining;

	/// <summary>
	/// Benchmark security identifier.
	/// </summary>
	public string Security2Id
	{
		get => _security2Id.Value;
		set => _security2Id.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Long momentum lookback period.
	/// </summary>
	public int LookbackPeriod
	{
		get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
		set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Short lookback period removed from the long momentum signal.
	/// </summary>
	public int SkipPeriod
	{
		get => _skipPeriod.Value;
		set => _skipPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Lookback period used to normalize the relative factor spread.
	/// </summary>
	public int NormalizationPeriod
	{
		get => _normalizationPeriod.Value;
		set => _normalizationPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Z-score threshold required to open a position.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal EntryThreshold
	{
		get => _entryThreshold.Value;
		set => _entryThreshold.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Z-score threshold required to close a position.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal ExitThreshold
	{
		get => _exitThreshold.Value;
		set => _exitThreshold.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Closed candles to wait before another position change.
	/// </summary>
	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stop loss percentage.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopLoss
	{
		get => _stopLoss.Value;
		set => _stopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type used for calculations.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	public MomentumFactorStocksStrategy()
	{
		_security2Id = Param(nameof(Security2Id), Paths.HistoryDefaultSecurity2)
			.SetDisplay("Benchmark Security Id", "Identifier of the benchmark security", "General");

		_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 36)
			.SetRange(8, 200)
			.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Long momentum lookback period", "Indicators");

		_skipPeriod = Param(nameof(SkipPeriod), 8)
			.SetRange(2, 60)
			.SetDisplay("Skip Period", "Short lookback period removed from the long momentum signal", "Indicators");

		_normalizationPeriod = Param(nameof(NormalizationPeriod), 24)
			.SetRange(5, 120)
			.SetDisplay("Normalization Period", "Lookback period used to normalize the relative factor spread", "Indicators");

		_entryThreshold = Param(nameof(EntryThreshold), 1.15m)
			.SetRange(0.2m, 5m)
			.SetDisplay("Entry Threshold", "Z-score threshold required to open a position", "Signals");

		_exitThreshold = Param(nameof(ExitThreshold), 0.3m)
			.SetRange(0m, 2m)
			.SetDisplay("Exit Threshold", "Z-score threshold required to close a position", "Signals");

		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 8)
			.SetRange(0, 120)
			.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Closed candles to wait before another position change", "Risk");

		_stopLoss = Param(nameof(StopLoss), 2.5m)
			.SetRange(0.5m, 10m)
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage", "Risk");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromHours(4).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Time frame for candles", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		if (Security != null)
			yield return (Security, CandleType);

		if (!Security2Id.IsEmpty())
			yield return (new Security { Id = Security2Id }, CandleType);
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();

		_benchmark = null!;
		_primaryLongMomentum = null!;
		_benchmarkLongMomentum = null!;
		_primaryShortMomentum = null!;
		_benchmarkShortMomentum = null!;
		_spreadAverage = null!;
		_spreadDeviation = null!;
		_latestPrimarySignal = 0m;
		_latestBenchmarkSignal = 0m;
		_previousZScore = null;
		_primaryUpdated = false;
		_benchmarkUpdated = false;
		_cooldownRemaining = 0;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		if (Security == null)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Primary security is not specified.");

		if (Security2Id.IsEmpty())
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Benchmark security identifier is not specified.");

		_benchmark = this.LookupById(Security2Id) ?? new Security { Id = Security2Id };
		_primaryLongMomentum = new RateOfChange { Length = LookbackPeriod };
		_benchmarkLongMomentum = new RateOfChange { Length = LookbackPeriod };
		_primaryShortMomentum = new RateOfChange { Length = SkipPeriod };
		_benchmarkShortMomentum = new RateOfChange { Length = SkipPeriod };
		_spreadAverage = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = NormalizationPeriod };
		_spreadDeviation = new StandardDeviation { Length = NormalizationPeriod };

		var primarySubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: Security);
		var benchmarkSubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: _benchmark);

		primarySubscription
			.Bind(ProcessPrimaryCandle)
			.Start();

		benchmarkSubscription
			.Bind(ProcessBenchmarkCandle)
			.Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, primarySubscription);
			DrawCandles(area, benchmarkSubscription);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}

		StartProtection(
			new Unit(2, UnitTypes.Percent),
			new Unit(StopLoss, UnitTypes.Percent));
	}

	private void ProcessPrimaryCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		var longMomentum = _primaryLongMomentum.Process(candle);
		var shortMomentum = _primaryShortMomentum.Process(candle);

		if (longMomentum.IsEmpty || shortMomentum.IsEmpty || !_primaryLongMomentum.IsFormed || !_primaryShortMomentum.IsFormed)
			return;

		_latestPrimarySignal = longMomentum.ToDecimal() - shortMomentum.ToDecimal();
		_primaryUpdated = true;
		TryProcessSpread(candle.OpenTime);
	}

	private void ProcessBenchmarkCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		var longMomentum = _benchmarkLongMomentum.Process(candle);
		var shortMomentum = _benchmarkShortMomentum.Process(candle);

		if (longMomentum.IsEmpty || shortMomentum.IsEmpty || !_benchmarkLongMomentum.IsFormed || !_benchmarkShortMomentum.IsFormed)
			return;

		_latestBenchmarkSignal = longMomentum.ToDecimal() - shortMomentum.ToDecimal();
		_benchmarkUpdated = true;
		TryProcessSpread(candle.OpenTime);
	}

	private void TryProcessSpread(DateTime time)
	{
		if (!_primaryUpdated || !_benchmarkUpdated)
			return;

		_primaryUpdated = false;
		_benchmarkUpdated = false;

		var spread = _latestPrimarySignal - _latestBenchmarkSignal;
		var mean = _spreadAverage.Process(spread, time, true).ToDecimal();
		var deviation = _spreadDeviation.Process(spread, time, true).ToDecimal();

		if (!_spreadAverage.IsFormed || !_spreadDeviation.IsFormed || deviation <= 0m)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		if (_cooldownRemaining > 0)
			_cooldownRemaining--;

		var zScore = (spread - mean) / deviation;
		var bullishEntry = _previousZScore is decimal previousBullish && previousBullish < EntryThreshold && zScore >= EntryThreshold;
		var bearishEntry = _previousZScore is decimal previousBearish && previousBearish > -EntryThreshold && zScore <= -EntryThreshold;

		if (_cooldownRemaining == 0 && Position == 0)
		{
			if (bullishEntry)
			{
				BuyMarket();
				_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
			}
			else if (bearishEntry)
			{
				SellMarket();
				_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
			}
		}
		else if (Position > 0 && zScore <= ExitThreshold)
		{
			SellMarket(Position);
			_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position < 0 && zScore >= -ExitThreshold)
		{
			BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
			_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
		}

		_previousZScore = zScore;
	}
}