O Preço Médio Ponderado por Volume (VWAP) é um popular referencial intradiário. Quando o preço se desvia significativamente do VWAP e então imprime uma vela de volta em direção a ele, frequentemente se segue um breve movimento de reversão. Esta estratégia opera esses rebotes.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 130%. Funciona melhor no mercado de ações.
Para cada barra, o VWAP atual é calculado. Se uma vela de alta fechar abaixo do VWAP, o sistema vai comprado; se uma vela de baixa fechar acima do VWAP, vai vendido. Um percentual fixo de stop-loss gerencia o risco, e as posições são tipicamente mantidas apenas até que um sinal oposto se forme ou o stop seja atingido.
Como opera contra os extremos intradiários, o método funciona melhor em mercados de faixa do que em tendências fortes.
Detalhes
Critérios de entrada: Fechamento abaixo do VWAP com vela de alta ou acima do VWAP com vela de baixa.
Comprado/Vendido: Ambos.
Critérios de saída: Sinal oposto ou stop-loss.
Stops: Sim, baseados em percentual.
Valores padrão:
CandleType = 5 minute
StopLossPercent = 2
O VWAP recomeça no início de cada dia UTC e pondera o preço típico de cada vela pelo seu volume.
Filtros:
Categoria: Reversão à média
Direção: Ambos
Indicadores: VWAP
Stops: Sim
Complexidade: Básico
Período: Intradiário
Sazonalidade: Não
Redes neurais: Não
Divergência: Não
Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// VWAP Bounce strategy.
/// The VWAP restarts every UTC day from the typical price of each candle weighted by its volume. A bullish candle closing below
/// the VWAP turns the position long and a bearish candle closing above it turns it short; a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class VwapBounceStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private DateTime? _day;
private decimal _priceVolume;
private decimal _volume;
/// <summary>
/// Stop-loss percentage.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public VwapBounceStrategy()
{
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_day = null;
_priceVolume = default;
_volume = default;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_day = null;
_priceVolume = default;
_volume = default;
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.Bind(ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
var day = candle.OpenTime.Date;
if (_day != day)
{
_day = day;
_priceVolume = 0;
_volume = 0;
}
var typical = (candle.HighPrice + candle.LowPrice + candle.ClosePrice) / 3m;
_priceVolume += typical * candle.TotalVolume;
_volume += candle.TotalVolume;
if (_volume <= 0 || !IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var vwap = _priceVolume / _volume;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
if (close > candle.OpenPrice && close < vwap && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (close < candle.OpenPrice && close > vwap && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Math, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class vwap_bounce_strategy(Strategy):
"""
VWAP Bounce strategy.
The VWAP restarts every UTC day from the typical price of each candle weighted by its volume. A bullish candle closing below
the VWAP turns the position long and a bearish candle closing above it turns it short; a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).__init__()
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.Bind(self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
day = candle.OpenTime.Date
if self._day is None or self._day != day:
self._day = day
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
typical = (candle.HighPrice + candle.LowPrice + candle.ClosePrice) / Decimal(3)
self._price_volume += typical * candle.TotalVolume
self._volume += candle.TotalVolume
if self._volume <= 0 or not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
vwap = self._price_volume / self._volume
close = candle.ClosePrice
if close > candle.OpenPrice and close < vwap and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
elif close < candle.OpenPrice and close > vwap and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
def CreateClone(self):
return vwap_bounce_strategy()