El Precio Promedio Ponderado por Volumen (VWAP) es un popular punto de referencia intradía. Cuando el precio se desvía significativamente del VWAP y luego imprime una vela de regreso hacia él, a menudo sigue un breve movimiento de reversión. Esta estrategia opera esos rebotes.
Las pruebas indican un rendimiento anual promedio de aproximadamente el 130%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de acciones.
Para cada barra se calcula el VWAP actual. Si una vela alcista cierra por debajo del VWAP, el sistema va largo; si una vela bajista cierra por encima del VWAP, va corto. Un porcentaje de stop-loss fijo gestiona el riesgo, y las posiciones se mantienen típicamente solo hasta que se forma una señal opuesta o se alcanza el stop.
Dado que opera en contra de los extremos intradía, el método funciona mejor en mercados de rango que en tendencias fuertes.
Detalles
Criterios de entrada: Cierre por debajo del VWAP con vela alcista o por encima del VWAP con vela bajista.
Largo/Corto: Ambos.
Criterios de salida: Señal opuesta o stop-loss.
Stops: Sí, basados en porcentaje.
Valores predeterminados:
CandleType = 5 minute
StopLossPercent = 2
El VWAP se reinicia al comienzo de cada día UTC y pondera el precio típico de cada vela por su volumen.
Filtros:
Categoría: Reversión a la media
Dirección: Ambos
Indicadores: VWAP
Stops: Sí
Complejidad: Básico
Marco temporal: Intradía
Estacionalidad: No
Redes neuronales: No
Divergencia: No
Nivel de riesgo: Medio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// VWAP Bounce strategy.
/// The VWAP restarts every UTC day from the typical price of each candle weighted by its volume. A bullish candle closing below
/// the VWAP turns the position long and a bearish candle closing above it turns it short; a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class VwapBounceStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private DateTime? _day;
private decimal _priceVolume;
private decimal _volume;
/// <summary>
/// Stop-loss percentage.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public VwapBounceStrategy()
{
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_day = null;
_priceVolume = default;
_volume = default;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_day = null;
_priceVolume = default;
_volume = default;
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.Bind(ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
var day = candle.OpenTime.Date;
if (_day != day)
{
_day = day;
_priceVolume = 0;
_volume = 0;
}
var typical = (candle.HighPrice + candle.LowPrice + candle.ClosePrice) / 3m;
_priceVolume += typical * candle.TotalVolume;
_volume += candle.TotalVolume;
if (_volume <= 0 || !IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var vwap = _priceVolume / _volume;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
if (close > candle.OpenPrice && close < vwap && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (close < candle.OpenPrice && close > vwap && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Math, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class vwap_bounce_strategy(Strategy):
"""
VWAP Bounce strategy.
The VWAP restarts every UTC day from the typical price of each candle weighted by its volume. A bullish candle closing below
the VWAP turns the position long and a bearish candle closing above it turns it short; a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).__init__()
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(vwap_bounce_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._day = None
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.Bind(self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
day = candle.OpenTime.Date
if self._day is None or self._day != day:
self._day = day
self._price_volume = Decimal(0)
self._volume = Decimal(0)
typical = (candle.HighPrice + candle.LowPrice + candle.ClosePrice) / Decimal(3)
self._price_volume += typical * candle.TotalVolume
self._volume += candle.TotalVolume
if self._volume <= 0 or not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
vwap = self._price_volume / self._volume
close = candle.ClosePrice
if close > candle.OpenPrice and close < vwap and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
elif close < candle.OpenPrice and close > vwap and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
def CreateClone(self):
return vwap_bounce_strategy()