Estratégia de Reversão de Três Barras para Baixo
Uma imagem espelhada da versão altista, esta configuração busca reversões baixistas rápidas. Após duas velas altistas fortes que empurram a novas máximas, uma vela baixista decisiva fecha abaixo da mínima da barra anterior. Uma breve tendência de alta prévia ajuda a confirmar o esgotamento dos compradores.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 88%. Tem melhor desempenho no mercado de ações.
O algoritmo rastreia uma janela deslizante de três velas. Quando o padrão aparece e qualquer requisito de tendência de alta é atendido, uma posição vendida é tomada com o stop acima da máxima do padrão. As regras são diretas, então os sinais ocorrem imediatamente no fechamento da vela.
A operação é encerrada no stop protetor ou quando outro padrão se forma. Como ela joga com retrações de curto prazo dentro de um potencial movimento de baixa, funciona melhor em mercados voláteis.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada: Duas velas altistas com máximas mais altas, seguidas de uma vela baixista fechando abaixo da mínima da barra do meio.
- Comprado/Vendido: Somente vendido.
- Critérios de saída: Stop-loss ou próximo padrão.
- Stops: Sim, acima da máxima do padrão.
- Valores padrão:
CandleType= 15 minuteStopLossPercent= 1RequireUptrend= trueUptrendLength= 5
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Padrão
- Direção: Vendido
- Indicadores: Candlestick
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Intermediário
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Não
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Short-only three-bar reversal after an optional net uptrend.
/// A pattern-high stop and an opposite three-bar reversal close the full position.
/// </summary>
public class ThreeBarReversalDownStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _requireUptrend;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _uptrendLength;
private readonly List<ICandleMessage> _recent = new();
private decimal? _patternStop;
private Order _entryOrder;
private Order _exitOrder;
public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }
public decimal StopLossPercent { get => _stopLossPercent.Value; set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value; }
public bool RequireUptrend { get => _requireUptrend.Value; set => _requireUptrend.Value = value; }
public int UptrendLength { get => _uptrendLength.Value; set => _uptrendLength.Value = value; }
public ThreeBarReversalDownStrategy()
{
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Three-bar pattern timeframe", "General");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 1m).SetRange(0m, 99m)
.SetDisplay("Stop above pattern high (%)", "Buffer above the highest of all three pattern highs; zero places the stop at that high.", "Protection");
_requireUptrend = Param(nameof(RequireUptrend), true)
.SetDisplay("Require Uptrend", "Require a net Close rise before the signal candle.", "Pattern");
_uptrendLength = Param(nameof(UptrendLength), 5).SetRange(2, 100)
.SetDisplay("Uptrend Length", "Number of preceding candles from first Close to last Close, including the two bullish pattern bars.", "Pattern");
}
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
=> [(Security, CandleType), (Security, DataType.Level1)];
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
ClearState();
}
private void ClearState()
{
_recent.Clear();
_patternStop = null;
_entryOrder = _exitOrder = null;
}
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
ClearState();
var asks = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
asks.MarketData.BuildField = Level1Fields.BestAskPrice;
SubscribeLevel1(asks).Bind(ProcessAsk).Start();
var candles = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
candles.Bind(ProcessCandle).Start();
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, candles);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private static bool IsPending(Order order)
=> order is not null && order.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed);
private void ProcessAsk(Level1ChangeMessage message)
{
if (message.TryGetDecimal(Level1Fields.BestAskPrice) is decimal ask && ask > 0m)
CheckStop(ask);
}
private bool CheckStop(decimal executableAsk)
{
if (Position >= 0m || _patternStop is not decimal stop || executableAsk < stop || IsPending(_exitOrder))
return false;
_exitOrder = BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
_recent.Clear();
_patternStop = null;
return true;
}
private void Append(ICandleMessage candle)
{
_recent.Add(candle);
if (_recent.Count > UptrendLength)
_recent.RemoveAt(0);
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (Position < 0m && CheckStop(candle.HighPrice))
return;
if (IsPending(_entryOrder) || IsPending(_exitOrder))
{
Append(candle);
return;
}
var previous = _recent.Count >= 1 ? _recent[^1] : null;
var older = _recent.Count >= 2 ? _recent[^2] : null;
var downPattern = older is not null && previous.ClosePrice > previous.OpenPrice &&
older.ClosePrice > older.OpenPrice && previous.HighPrice > older.HighPrice &&
candle.ClosePrice < candle.OpenPrice && candle.ClosePrice < previous.LowPrice;
var upPattern = older is not null && previous.ClosePrice < previous.OpenPrice &&
older.ClosePrice < older.OpenPrice && previous.LowPrice < older.LowPrice &&
candle.ClosePrice > candle.OpenPrice && candle.ClosePrice > previous.HighPrice;
if (Position < 0m && upPattern && IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
{
_exitOrder = BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
_recent.Clear();
_patternStop = null;
}
else if (Position == 0m && downPattern &&
(!RequireUptrend || _recent.Count >= UptrendLength &&
_recent[^1].ClosePrice > _recent[^UptrendLength].ClosePrice) &&
IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
{
_patternStop = Math.Max(Math.Max(older.HighPrice, previous.HighPrice), candle.HighPrice) *
(1m + StopLossPercent / 100m);
_entryOrder = SellMarket(Volume);
}
Append(candle);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal, Math
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Level1Fields, OrderStates
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class three_bar_reversal_down_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Short-only three-bar reversal after an optional net uptrend.
A pattern-high stop and an opposite three-bar reversal close the full position.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(three_bar_reversal_down_strategy, self).__init__()
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Three-bar pattern timeframe", "General")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 1.0).SetRange(0.0, 99.0).SetDisplay("Stop above pattern high (%)", "Buffer above the highest of all three pattern highs; zero places the stop at that high.", "Protection")
self._require_uptrend = self.Param("RequireUptrend", True).SetDisplay("Require Uptrend", "Require a net Close rise before the signal candle.", "Pattern")
self._uptrend_length = self.Param("UptrendLength", 5).SetRange(2, 100).SetDisplay("Uptrend Length", "Number of preceding candles from first Close to last Close, including the two bullish pattern bars.", "Pattern")
self._clear_state()
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def GetWorkingSecurities(self):
return [(self.Security, self.candle_type), (self.Security, DataType.Level1)]
def _clear_state(self):
self._recent = []
self._pattern_stop = None
self._entry_order = None
self._exit_order = None
def OnReseted(self):
super(three_bar_reversal_down_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._clear_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(three_bar_reversal_down_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._clear_state()
asks = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
asks.MarketData.BuildField = Level1Fields.BestAskPrice
self.SubscribeLevel1(asks).Bind(self._process_ask).Start()
candles = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
candles.Bind(self._process_candle).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, candles)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _is_pending(self, order):
return order is not None and order.State not in (OrderStates.Done, OrderStates.Failed)
def _process_ask(self, message):
if message.Changes.ContainsKey(Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
ask = message.Changes[Level1Fields.BestAskPrice]
if ask is not None and ask > Decimal(0):
self._check_stop(ask)
def _check_stop(self, executable_ask):
if (self.Position >= 0 or self._pattern_stop is None or
executable_ask < self._pattern_stop or self._is_pending(self._exit_order)):
return False
self._exit_order = self.BuyMarket(Math.Abs(self.Position))
self._recent = []
self._pattern_stop = None
return True
def _append(self, candle):
self._recent.append(candle)
if len(self._recent) > self._uptrend_length.Value:
self._recent.pop(0)
def _process_candle(self, candle):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if self.Position < 0 and self._check_stop(candle.HighPrice):
return
if self._is_pending(self._entry_order) or self._is_pending(self._exit_order):
self._append(candle)
return
previous = self._recent[-1] if len(self._recent) >= 1 else None
older = self._recent[-2] if len(self._recent) >= 2 else None
down_pattern = (older is not None and previous.ClosePrice > previous.OpenPrice and
older.ClosePrice > older.OpenPrice and previous.HighPrice > older.HighPrice and
candle.ClosePrice < candle.OpenPrice and candle.ClosePrice < previous.LowPrice)
up_pattern = (older is not None and previous.ClosePrice < previous.OpenPrice and
older.ClosePrice < older.OpenPrice and previous.LowPrice < older.LowPrice and
candle.ClosePrice > candle.OpenPrice and candle.ClosePrice > previous.HighPrice)
if self.Position < 0 and up_pattern and self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
self._exit_order = self.BuyMarket(Math.Abs(self.Position))
self._recent = []
self._pattern_stop = None
elif (self.Position == 0 and down_pattern and
(not self._require_uptrend.Value or
len(self._recent) >= self._uptrend_length.Value and
self._recent[-1].ClosePrice > self._recent[-self._uptrend_length.Value].ClosePrice) and
self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading()):
pattern_high = Math.Max(Math.Max(older.HighPrice, previous.HighPrice), candle.HighPrice)
self._pattern_stop = pattern_high * (Decimal(1) + Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value) / Decimal(100))
self._entry_order = self.SellMarket(self.Volume)
self._append(candle)
def CreateClone(self):
return three_bar_reversal_down_strategy()