Estratégia Accumulation/Distribution Trend
Esta estratégia usa o indicador Accumulation/Distribution (A/D) para medir a pressão compradora e vendedora. Um A/D crescente junto com o preço acima da média móvel sinaliza acumulação, enquanto um A/D decrescente com o preço abaixo da média indica distribuição.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 187%. Funciona melhor no mercado de ações.
As operações são realizadas na direção da tendência do A/D em relação à média móvel. Uma mudança na direção do A/D atua como sinal de saída.
Os stops são opcionais, mas podem ajudar a gerenciar o risco.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada: A/D crescente com preço acima da MA ou decrescente abaixo da MA.
- Comprado/Vendido: Ambas as direções.
- Critérios de saída: A/D reverte ou stop.
- Stops: Sim.
- Valores padrão:
MAPeriod= 20CandleType= TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Tendência
- Direção: Ambos
- Indicadores: A/D, MA
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Básico
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Não
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Trades strict native A/D changes confirmed by the Close/price-SMA direction.
/// Fully exits on a strict adverse A/D step or actual-fill percent protection.
/// </summary>
public class ADStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private decimal? _previousAd;
private Order _pendingOrder;
public int MAPeriod { get => _maPeriod.Value; set => _maPeriod.Value = value; }
public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }
public decimal StopLossPercent { get => _stopLossPercent.Value; set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value; }
public ADStrategy()
{
_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20).SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Current-inclusive Close SMA length", "Indicators")
.SetOptimize(10, 50, 10);
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m).SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss (%)", "Actual-fill percent stop; zero disables it.", "Protection");
OrderRegistering += order => _pendingOrder = order;
}
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
=> [(Security, CandleType), (Security, DataType.Level1)];
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
ClearSignalState();
}
private void ClearSignalState()
{
_previousAd = null;
_pendingOrder = null;
}
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
ClearSignalState();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var ma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };
var ad = new AccumulationDistributionLine();
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription.BindEx(ma, ad, ProcessCandle, false).Start();
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, ma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// Native protection runs before this callback, including between finished candles.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue maValue, IIndicatorValue adValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || !adValue.Indicator.IsFormed || adValue.IsEmpty)
return;
var ad = adValue.GetValue<decimal>();
var previous = _previousAd;
// Preserve real zero values and advance A/D during SMA warmup and pending orders.
_previousAd = ad;
if (!maValue.Indicator.IsFormed || maValue.IsEmpty || previous is not decimal previousAd ||
!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading() ||
_pendingOrder is not null && _pendingOrder.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed))
return;
var rising = ad > previousAd;
var falling = ad < previousAd;
// An unchanged A/D step is neutral, never a substitute for a strict decline.
if (Position > 0m && falling) SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0m && rising) BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position == 0m)
{
var mean = maValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (rising && candle.ClosePrice > mean) BuyMarket(Volume);
else if (falling && candle.ClosePrice < mean) SellMarket(Volume);
}
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal, Math
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, OrderStates, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, AccumulationDistributionLine
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class ad_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Trades strict native A/D changes confirmed by the Close/price-SMA direction.
Fully exits on a strict adverse A/D step or actual-fill percent protection.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(ad_strategy, self).__init__()
self._ma_period = self.Param("MAPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("MA Period", "Current-inclusive Close SMA length", "Indicators")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss (%)", "Actual-fill percent stop; zero disables it.", "Protection")
self._previous_ad = None
self._pending_order = None
self.OrderRegistering += self._track_pending
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def GetWorkingSecurities(self):
return [(self.Security, self.candle_type), (self.Security, DataType.Level1)]
def _track_pending(self, order):
self._pending_order = order
def _clear_signal_state(self):
self._previous_ad = None
self._pending_order = None
def OnReseted(self):
super(ad_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._clear_signal_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(ad_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._clear_signal_state()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
ma.Length = self._ma_period.Value
ad = AccumulationDistributionLine()
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(ma, ad, self._process_candle, False).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, ma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# Native protection runs before this callback, including between finished candles.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, ma_value, ad_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished or not ad_value.Indicator.IsFormed or ad_value.IsEmpty:
return
ad = ad_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
previous_ad = self._previous_ad
# Preserve real zero values and advance A/D during SMA warmup and pending orders.
self._previous_ad = ad
if not ma_value.Indicator.IsFormed or ma_value.IsEmpty or previous_ad is None or not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
if self._pending_order is not None and self._pending_order.State not in (OrderStates.Done, OrderStates.Failed):
return
rising = ad > previous_ad
falling = ad < previous_ad
# Unchanged A/D is neutral, never a substitute for a strict decline.
if self.Position > 0 and falling:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and rising:
self.BuyMarket(Math.Abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position == 0:
mean = ma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if rising and candle.ClosePrice > mean:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume)
elif falling and candle.ClosePrice < mean:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume)
def CreateClone(self):
return ad_strategy()