O On Balance Volume (OBV) rastreia o fluxo acumulativo de volume para determinar se compradores ou vendedores são dominantes. Esta estratégia aguarda o OBV divergir acentuadamente de sua média e então opera antecipando um retorno aos níveis típicos.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de cerca de 79%. Funciona melhor no mercado de ações.
Um sinal de compra ocorre quando o OBV cai abaixo de sua média menos Multiplier vezes o desvio padrão e o preço está abaixo da média móvel. Um sinal de venda é gerado quando o OBV sobe acima da banda superior com o preço acima da média. As posições são fechadas quando o OBV cruza de volta pela sua linha média.
A abordagem é útil para traders que consideram os fluxos de volume além da ação do preço. Os stops são colocados a uma porcentagem definida para lidar com situações onde o volume continua acelerando.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada:
- Comprado: OBV < Avg - Multiplier * StdDev && Close < MA
- Vendido: OBV > Avg + Multiplier * StdDev && Close > MA
- Comprado/Vendido: Ambos os lados.
- Critérios de saída:
- Comprado: Sair quando OBV > Avg
- Vendido: Sair quando OBV < Avg
- Stops: Sim, stop-loss percentual.
- Valores padrão:
AveragePeriod = 20
Multiplier = 2
StopLossPercent = 2
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
Avg e StdDev são a média e o desvio padrão dos últimos AveragePeriod valores de OBV, incluindo o atual, e MA é a média móvel simples dos últimos AveragePeriod fechamentos. O stop é um StopLossPercent fixo do preço de entrada, vigiado também entre os candles; 0 o desativa. Um sinal de entrada contra uma posição aberta a inverte.
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Reversão à média
- Direção: Ambos
- Indicadores: OBV
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Intermediário
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Não
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// OBV Mean Reversion strategy.
/// The bands lie Multiplier standard deviations around the average of the last AveragePeriod OBV values, the current one included.
/// OBV below the lower band with the close below the AveragePeriod simple moving average goes long and OBV above the upper band with the close above it goes short,
/// reversing an opposite position. A long closes once OBV is back above its average and a short once it is back below it, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class ObvMeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _averagePeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _multiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly Queue<decimal> _values = [];
/// <summary>
/// Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span.
/// </summary>
public int AveragePeriod
{
get => _averagePeriod.Value;
set => _averagePeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Standard deviations between the average and a band.
/// </summary>
public decimal Multiplier
{
get => _multiplier.Value;
set => _multiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public ObvMeanReversionStrategy()
{
_averagePeriod = Param(nameof(AveragePeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span", "Indicators");
_multiplier = Param(nameof(Multiplier), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_values.Clear();
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_values.Clear();
var obv = new OnBalanceVolume();
var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = AveragePeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(obv, sma, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, sma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
if (oscillators != null)
{
DrawIndicator(oscillators, obv);
}
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue obvValue, IIndicatorValue smaValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!smaValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!obvValue.IsFormed)
return;
var value = obvValue.GetValue<decimal>();
_values.Enqueue(value);
if (_values.Count > AveragePeriod)
_values.Dequeue();
if (_values.Count < AveragePeriod)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var mean = _values.Average();
var deviation = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)_values.Average(v => (v - mean) * (v - mean)));
var upper = mean + Multiplier * deviation;
var lower = mean - Multiplier * deviation;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
var ma = smaValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (value < lower && close < ma && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (value > upper && close > ma && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position > 0 && value > mean)
SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0 && value < mean)
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal, Math
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import OnBalanceVolume, SimpleMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class obv_mean_reversion_strategy(Strategy):
"""
OBV Mean Reversion strategy.
The bands lie Multiplier standard deviations around the average of the last AveragePeriod OBV values, the current one included.
OBV below the lower band with the close below the AveragePeriod simple moving average goes long and OBV above the upper band with the close above it goes short,
reversing an opposite position. A long closes once OBV is back above its average and a short once it is back below it, and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).__init__()
self._average_period = self.Param("AveragePeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Average Period", "Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span", "Indicators")
self._multiplier = self.Param("Multiplier", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._reset_state()
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def _reset_state(self):
self._values = []
def OnReseted(self):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._reset_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._reset_state()
obv = OnBalanceVolume()
sma = SimpleMovingAverage()
sma.Length = self._average_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(obv, sma, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, sma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
oscillators = self.CreateChartArea()
if oscillators is not None:
self.DrawIndicator(oscillators, obv)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, obv_value, sma_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if not sma_value.IsFormed:
return
if not obv_value.IsFormed:
return
value = obv_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
period = self._average_period.Value
self._values.append(value)
if len(self._values) > period:
self._values.pop(0)
if len(self._values) < period:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
total = Decimal(0)
for item in self._values:
total += item
mean = total / Decimal(period)
squares = Decimal(0)
for item in self._values:
squares += (item - mean) * (item - mean)
deviation = Decimal(Math.Sqrt(Decimal.ToDouble(squares / Decimal(period))))
multiplier = Decimal(self._multiplier.Value)
upper = mean + multiplier * deviation
lower = mean - multiplier * deviation
close = candle.ClosePrice
ma = sma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if value < lower and close < ma and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif value > upper and close > ma and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position > 0 and value > mean:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and value < mean:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
def CreateClone(self):
return obv_mean_reversion_strategy()