El On Balance Volume (OBV) rastrea el flujo acumulativo de volumen para determinar si los compradores o vendedores son dominantes. Esta estrategia espera a que el OBV diverja marcadamente de su promedio y luego opera anticipando un retorno a niveles típicos.
Las pruebas indican un rendimiento anual promedio de aproximadamente 79%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de acciones.
Una señal de compra ocurre cuando el OBV cae por debajo de su media menos Multiplier veces la desviación estándar y el precio está por debajo de la media móvil. Una señal de venta se genera cuando el OBV sube por encima de la banda superior con el precio por encima de la media. Las posiciones se cierran cuando el OBV cruza de vuelta a través de su línea media.
El enfoque es útil para traders que consideran los flujos de volumen además de la acción del precio. Los stops se colocan a un porcentaje establecido para manejar situaciones donde el volumen continúa acelerando.
Detalles
- Criterios de entrada:
- Largo: OBV < Avg - Multiplier * StdDev && Close < MA
- Corto: OBV > Avg + Multiplier * StdDev && Close > MA
- Largo/Corto: Ambos lados.
- Criterios de salida:
- Largo: Salir cuando OBV > Avg
- Corto: Salir cuando OBV < Avg
- Stops: Sí, stop-loss porcentual.
- Valores predeterminados:
AveragePeriod = 20
Multiplier = 2
StopLossPercent = 2
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
Avg y StdDev son la media y la desviación estándar de los últimos AveragePeriod valores de OBV, incluido el actual, y MA es la media móvil simple de los últimos AveragePeriod cierres. El stop es un StopLossPercent fijo del precio de entrada, vigilado también entre velas; 0 lo desactiva. Una señal de entrada contra una posición abierta la invierte.
- Filtros:
- Categoría: Reversión a la media
- Dirección: Ambos
- Indicadores: OBV
- Stops: Sí
- Complejidad: Intermedio
- Marco temporal: Intradía
- Estacionalidad: No
- Redes neuronales: No
- Divergencia: No
- Nivel de riesgo: Medio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// OBV Mean Reversion strategy.
/// The bands lie Multiplier standard deviations around the average of the last AveragePeriod OBV values, the current one included.
/// OBV below the lower band with the close below the AveragePeriod simple moving average goes long and OBV above the upper band with the close above it goes short,
/// reversing an opposite position. A long closes once OBV is back above its average and a short once it is back below it, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class ObvMeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _averagePeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _multiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly Queue<decimal> _values = [];
/// <summary>
/// Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span.
/// </summary>
public int AveragePeriod
{
get => _averagePeriod.Value;
set => _averagePeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Standard deviations between the average and a band.
/// </summary>
public decimal Multiplier
{
get => _multiplier.Value;
set => _multiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public ObvMeanReversionStrategy()
{
_averagePeriod = Param(nameof(AveragePeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span", "Indicators");
_multiplier = Param(nameof(Multiplier), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_values.Clear();
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_values.Clear();
var obv = new OnBalanceVolume();
var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = AveragePeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(obv, sma, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, sma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
if (oscillators != null)
{
DrawIndicator(oscillators, obv);
}
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue obvValue, IIndicatorValue smaValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!smaValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!obvValue.IsFormed)
return;
var value = obvValue.GetValue<decimal>();
_values.Enqueue(value);
if (_values.Count > AveragePeriod)
_values.Dequeue();
if (_values.Count < AveragePeriod)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var mean = _values.Average();
var deviation = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)_values.Average(v => (v - mean) * (v - mean)));
var upper = mean + Multiplier * deviation;
var lower = mean - Multiplier * deviation;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
var ma = smaValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (value < lower && close < ma && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (value > upper && close > ma && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position > 0 && value > mean)
SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0 && value < mean)
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal, Math
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import OnBalanceVolume, SimpleMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class obv_mean_reversion_strategy(Strategy):
"""
OBV Mean Reversion strategy.
The bands lie Multiplier standard deviations around the average of the last AveragePeriod OBV values, the current one included.
OBV below the lower band with the close below the AveragePeriod simple moving average goes long and OBV above the upper band with the close above it goes short,
reversing an opposite position. A long closes once OBV is back above its average and a short once it is back below it, and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).__init__()
self._average_period = self.Param("AveragePeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Average Period", "Values of OBV the average and the standard deviation span", "Indicators")
self._multiplier = self.Param("Multiplier", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._reset_state()
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def _reset_state(self):
self._values = []
def OnReseted(self):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._reset_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(obv_mean_reversion_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._reset_state()
obv = OnBalanceVolume()
sma = SimpleMovingAverage()
sma.Length = self._average_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(obv, sma, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, sma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
oscillators = self.CreateChartArea()
if oscillators is not None:
self.DrawIndicator(oscillators, obv)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, obv_value, sma_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if not sma_value.IsFormed:
return
if not obv_value.IsFormed:
return
value = obv_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
period = self._average_period.Value
self._values.append(value)
if len(self._values) > period:
self._values.pop(0)
if len(self._values) < period:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
total = Decimal(0)
for item in self._values:
total += item
mean = total / Decimal(period)
squares = Decimal(0)
for item in self._values:
squares += (item - mean) * (item - mean)
deviation = Decimal(Math.Sqrt(Decimal.ToDouble(squares / Decimal(period))))
multiplier = Decimal(self._multiplier.Value)
upper = mean + multiplier * deviation
lower = mean - multiplier * deviation
close = candle.ClosePrice
ma = sma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if value < lower and close < ma and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif value > upper and close > ma and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position > 0 and value > mean:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and value < mean:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
def CreateClone(self):
return obv_mean_reversion_strategy()