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Estrategia Bruno

El asesor experto Bruno es un sistema de seguimiento de tendencia escrito originalmente para MetaTrader 5. El puerto mantiene la misma cadena de confirmación: Average Directional Index (ADX) con movimiento direccional, un par de medias móviles exponenciales (EMA 8/21), MACD (13, 34, 8), un Oscilador Estocástico (21, 3, 3) y la pendiente de un Parabolic SAR (0.055, 0.21). Cada filtro que coincide con la dirección multiplica el tamaño de la orden por un factor configurable. Si tanto las señales largas como las cortas se amplían en la misma vela, el trading se omite para evitar órdenes en conflicto.

Lógica de trading

  • Sesgo direccional
    • La presión larga se fortalece cuando +DI > -DI y +DI > 20.
    • La presión corta se fortalece cuando +DI < -DI y +DI < 40.
  • Alineación de momentum
    • La preferencia larga requiere EMA(8) por encima de EMA(21), Estocástico %K por encima de %D y %K por debajo del umbral de sobrecompra (predeterminado 80).
    • La preferencia corta requiere EMA(8) por debajo de EMA(21), Estocástico %K por debajo de %D y %K por encima del umbral de sobreventa (predeterminado 20).
  • Filtro MACD
    • Sesgo largo: histograma MACD por encima de cero y línea principal MACD por encima de la línea de señal.
    • Sesgo corto: histograma MACD por debajo de cero y línea principal MACD por debajo de la línea de señal.
  • Pendiente del Parabolic SAR
    • El sesgo largo se refuerza cuando los valores anteriores del SAR están subiendo mientras EMA(8) > EMA(21).
    • El sesgo corto se refuerza cuando los valores anteriores del SAR están bajando mientras EMA(8) < EMA(21).

Cada condición satisfecha multiplica el tamaño del lote base por SignalMultiplier (predeterminado 1.6). Solo un lado puede estar activo a la vez. Cuando se genera una señal final, la estrategia cierra cualquier posición opuesta, envía la orden de mercado con el volumen multiplicado y almacena el cierre actual como precio de entrada.

Gestión de posiciones

  • Stop-loss / take-profit – distancias fijas expresadas en pips ajustados, coincidiendo con la versión de MetaTrader. Si cualquiera de los niveles es alcanzado intrabarra, la posición se cierra inmediatamente.
  • Trailing stop – se activa una vez que el beneficio flotante supera TrailingStop + TrailingStep pips. Entonces el stop se coloca detrás del precio por TrailingStop pips y solo avanza cuando la ganancia aumenta al menos TrailingStep pips más.
  • Gestión de conflictos – si tanto los filtros largos como los cortos se activan en la misma vela, no se toma ninguna nueva operación.

Parámetros

Grupo Nombre Descripción
Trading BaseVolume Tamaño inicial del lote antes de los multiplicadores.
Trading SignalMultiplier Multiplicador de volumen aplicado por cada filtro coincidente.
Gestión del riesgo StopLossPips / TakeProfitPips Distancias de protección en pips ajustados. Establezca en cero para deshabilitar.
Gestión del riesgo TrailingStopPips / TrailingStepPips Distancia de trailing y paso mínimo en pips ajustados.
Indicadores AdxPeriod, AdxPositiveThreshold, AdxNegativeThreshold Longitud del ADX y umbrales del DI.
Indicadores FastEmaPeriod, SlowEmaPeriod Longitudes de EMA usadas en la confirmación de tendencia.
Indicadores MacdFastPeriod, MacdSlowPeriod, MacdSignalPeriod Configuración del MACD.
Indicadores StochasticPeriod, StochasticKsmoothing, StochasticDsmoothing, StochasticOverbought, StochasticOversold Configuración del oscilador estocástico.
General CandleType Marco temporal usado para toda la cadena de señales (predeterminado 1 hora).

Notas

  • El tamaño de pip ajustado sigue la convención de MetaTrader: los instrumentos con 3 o 5 dígitos decimales se multiplican por 10.
  • El Parabolic SAR opera con paso de aceleración 0.055 y máximo 0.21, reflejando los valores predeterminados del asesor experto.
  • El puerto mantiene el estilo de gestión del dinero original (apilamiento de volumen) pero agrega la exposición en una única posición de StockSharp.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Bruno multi-filter trend strategy.
/// </summary>
public class BrunoStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _baseVolume;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _signalMultiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stopLossPips;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _takeProfitPips;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _trailingStopPips;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _trailingStepPips;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _adxPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _adxPositiveThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _adxNegativeThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastEmaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowEmaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _macdFastPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _macdSlowPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _macdSignalPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stochasticPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stochasticKsmoothing;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stochasticDsmoothing;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stochasticOverbought;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stochasticOversold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	private readonly List<Bar> _bars = [];
	private readonly List<decimal> _rawK = [];
	private readonly List<decimal> _smoothK = [];
	private readonly List<decimal> _sarValues = [];

	private decimal? _fastEma;
	private decimal? _slowEma;
	private decimal? _macdFast;
	private decimal? _macdSlow;
	private decimal? _macdSignal;

	private SarState _sar;

	private decimal _entryPrice;
	private decimal? _stopPrice;
	private decimal? _takePrice;
	private decimal? _bestPrice;
	private DateTimeOffset? _entryCandleTime;

	public decimal BaseVolume { get => _baseVolume.Value; set => _baseVolume.Value = value; }
	public decimal SignalMultiplier { get => _signalMultiplier.Value; set => _signalMultiplier.Value = value; }
	public int StopLossPips { get => _stopLossPips.Value; set => _stopLossPips.Value = value; }
	public int TakeProfitPips { get => _takeProfitPips.Value; set => _takeProfitPips.Value = value; }
	public int TrailingStopPips { get => _trailingStopPips.Value; set => _trailingStopPips.Value = value; }
	public int TrailingStepPips { get => _trailingStepPips.Value; set => _trailingStepPips.Value = value; }
	public int AdxPeriod { get => _adxPeriod.Value; set => _adxPeriod.Value = value; }
	public decimal AdxPositiveThreshold { get => _adxPositiveThreshold.Value; set => _adxPositiveThreshold.Value = value; }
	public decimal AdxNegativeThreshold { get => _adxNegativeThreshold.Value; set => _adxNegativeThreshold.Value = value; }
	public int FastEmaPeriod { get => _fastEmaPeriod.Value; set => _fastEmaPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int SlowEmaPeriod { get => _slowEmaPeriod.Value; set => _slowEmaPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int MacdFastPeriod { get => _macdFastPeriod.Value; set => _macdFastPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int MacdSlowPeriod { get => _macdSlowPeriod.Value; set => _macdSlowPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int MacdSignalPeriod { get => _macdSignalPeriod.Value; set => _macdSignalPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int StochasticPeriod { get => _stochasticPeriod.Value; set => _stochasticPeriod.Value = value; }
	public int StochasticKsmoothing { get => _stochasticKsmoothing.Value; set => _stochasticKsmoothing.Value = value; }
	public int StochasticDsmoothing { get => _stochasticDsmoothing.Value; set => _stochasticDsmoothing.Value = value; }
	public decimal StochasticOverbought { get => _stochasticOverbought.Value; set => _stochasticOverbought.Value = value; }
	public decimal StochasticOversold { get => _stochasticOversold.Value; set => _stochasticOversold.Value = value; }
	public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }

	public BrunoStrategy()
	{
		_baseVolume = Param(nameof(BaseVolume), 0.1m).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_signalMultiplier = Param(nameof(SignalMultiplier), 1.6m).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_stopLossPips = Param(nameof(StopLossPips), 50).SetNotNegative();
		_takeProfitPips = Param(nameof(TakeProfitPips), 100).SetNotNegative();
		_trailingStopPips = Param(nameof(TrailingStopPips), 30).SetNotNegative();
		_trailingStepPips = Param(nameof(TrailingStepPips), 5).SetNotNegative();
		_adxPeriod = Param(nameof(AdxPeriod), 14).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_adxPositiveThreshold = Param(nameof(AdxPositiveThreshold), 20m);
		_adxNegativeThreshold = Param(nameof(AdxNegativeThreshold), 40m);
		_fastEmaPeriod = Param(nameof(FastEmaPeriod), 8).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_slowEmaPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowEmaPeriod), 21).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_macdFastPeriod = Param(nameof(MacdFastPeriod), 13).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_macdSlowPeriod = Param(nameof(MacdSlowPeriod), 34).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_macdSignalPeriod = Param(nameof(MacdSignalPeriod), 8).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_stochasticPeriod = Param(nameof(StochasticPeriod), 21).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_stochasticKsmoothing = Param(nameof(StochasticKsmoothing), 3).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_stochasticDsmoothing = Param(nameof(StochasticDsmoothing), 3).SetGreaterThanZero();
		_stochasticOverbought = Param(nameof(StochasticOverbought), 80m);
		_stochasticOversold = Param(nameof(StochasticOversold), 20m);
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromHours(1).TimeFrame());
	}

	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		=> [(Security, CandleType)];

	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_bars.Clear();
		_rawK.Clear();
		_smoothK.Clear();
		_sarValues.Clear();
		_fastEma = _slowEma = _macdFast = _macdSlow = _macdSignal = null;
		_sar = null;
		ResetProtection();
	}

	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);
		_sar = new(0.055m, 0.21m);
		SubscribeCandles(CandleType).Bind(ProcessCandle).Start();
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		_bars.Add(new Bar(candle.HighPrice, candle.LowPrice, candle.ClosePrice));
		var keep = Math.Max(Math.Max(AdxPeriod + 2, MacdSlowPeriod + MacdSignalPeriod + 2), StochasticPeriod + 10);
		if (_bars.Count > keep)
			_bars.RemoveRange(0, _bars.Count - keep);

		_fastEma = Ema(_fastEma, candle.ClosePrice, FastEmaPeriod);
		_slowEma = Ema(_slowEma, candle.ClosePrice, SlowEmaPeriod);
		_macdFast = Ema(_macdFast, candle.ClosePrice, MacdFastPeriod);
		_macdSlow = Ema(_macdSlow, candle.ClosePrice, MacdSlowPeriod);
		var macdMain = _macdFast.Value - _macdSlow.Value;
		_macdSignal = Ema(_macdSignal, macdMain, MacdSignalPeriod);

		var sar = _sar.Process(candle.HighPrice, candle.LowPrice, candle.ClosePrice);
		if (sar is decimal sarValue)
		{
			_sarValues.Add(sarValue);
			if (_sarValues.Count > 4)
				_sarValues.RemoveAt(0);
		}

		UpdateStochastic();

		if (Position != 0m && ApplyProtection(candle))
			return;

		if (_bars.Count < AdxPeriod + 1 || _smoothK.Count < StochasticDsmoothing || _sarValues.Count < 3)
			return;

		var (plusDi, minusDi) = CalculateDirectionalIndex();
		var k = _smoothK[^1];
		var d = _smoothK.Skip(_smoothK.Count - StochasticDsmoothing).Average();
		var histogram = macdMain - _macdSignal.Value;

		var longDirectional = plusDi > minusDi && plusDi > AdxPositiveThreshold;
		var shortDirectional = plusDi < minusDi && plusDi < AdxNegativeThreshold;

		var longMomentum = _fastEma > _slowEma && k > d && k < StochasticOverbought;
		var shortMomentum = _fastEma < _slowEma && k < d && k > StochasticOversold;

		var longMacd = histogram > 0m && macdMain > _macdSignal;
		var shortMacd = histogram < 0m && macdMain < _macdSignal;

		var longSar = _sarValues[^3] < _sarValues[^2] && _sarValues[^2] < _sarValues[^1] && _fastEma > _slowEma;
		var shortSar = _sarValues[^3] > _sarValues[^2] && _sarValues[^2] > _sarValues[^1] && _fastEma < _slowEma;

		var (longVolume, shortVolume) = CalculateSignalVolumes(
			BaseVolume, SignalMultiplier,
			longDirectional, shortDirectional,
			longMomentum, shortMomentum,
			longMacd, shortMacd,
			longSar, shortSar);

		var hasLong = longVolume > BaseVolume;
		var hasShort = shortVolume > BaseVolume;

		if (hasLong == hasShort)
			return;

		if (hasLong)
			Enter(Sides.Buy, longVolume, candle);
		else
			Enter(Sides.Sell, shortVolume, candle);
	}

	private void Enter(Sides side, decimal targetVolume, ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		var opposite = side == Sides.Buy ? Math.Max(0m, -Position) : Math.Max(0m, Position);
		var volume = NormalizeVolume(targetVolume + opposite);
		if (volume <= 0m)
			return;

		if (side == Sides.Buy)
			BuyMarket(volume);
		else
			SellMarket(volume);

		_entryPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
		_entryCandleTime = candle.OpenTime;
		_bestPrice = candle.ClosePrice;

		var pip = GetPipSize();
		_stopPrice = StopLossPips > 0
			? side == Sides.Buy ? _entryPrice - StopLossPips * pip : _entryPrice + StopLossPips * pip
			: null;
		_takePrice = TakeProfitPips > 0
			? side == Sides.Buy ? _entryPrice + TakeProfitPips * pip : _entryPrice - TakeProfitPips * pip
			: null;
	}

	private bool ApplyProtection(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (_entryCandleTime is DateTimeOffset entryTime && candle.OpenTime <= entryTime)
			return false;

		var pip = GetPipSize();

		if (Position > 0m)
		{
			_bestPrice = _bestPrice is decimal best ? Math.Max(best, candle.HighPrice) : candle.HighPrice;

			if (TrailingStopPips > 0 && TrailingStepPips >= 0 &&
				_bestPrice.Value - _entryPrice >= (TrailingStopPips + TrailingStepPips) * pip)
			{
				var candidate = _bestPrice.Value - TrailingStopPips * pip;
				if (_stopPrice is null || candidate >= _stopPrice.Value + TrailingStepPips * pip)
					_stopPrice = candidate;
			}

			if ((_stopPrice is decimal stop && candle.LowPrice <= stop) ||
				(_takePrice is decimal take && candle.HighPrice >= take))
			{
				SellMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
				ResetProtection();
				return true;
			}
		}
		else if (Position < 0m)
		{
			_bestPrice = _bestPrice is decimal best ? Math.Min(best, candle.LowPrice) : candle.LowPrice;

			if (TrailingStopPips > 0 && TrailingStepPips >= 0 &&
				_entryPrice - _bestPrice.Value >= (TrailingStopPips + TrailingStepPips) * pip)
			{
				var candidate = _bestPrice.Value + TrailingStopPips * pip;
				if (_stopPrice is null || candidate <= _stopPrice.Value - TrailingStepPips * pip)
					_stopPrice = candidate;
			}

			if ((_stopPrice is decimal stop && candle.HighPrice >= stop) ||
				(_takePrice is decimal take && candle.LowPrice <= take))
			{
				BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
				ResetProtection();
				return true;
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

	private void UpdateStochastic()
	{
		if (_bars.Count < StochasticPeriod)
			return;

		var window = _bars.Skip(_bars.Count - StochasticPeriod).ToArray();
		var high = window.Max(b => b.High);
		var low = window.Min(b => b.Low);
		var raw = high == low ? 50m : (_bars[^1].Close - low) / (high - low) * 100m;

		_rawK.Add(raw);
		if (_rawK.Count > StochasticKsmoothing + StochasticDsmoothing + 2)
			_rawK.RemoveAt(0);

		if (_rawK.Count < StochasticKsmoothing)
			return;

		_smoothK.Add(_rawK.Skip(_rawK.Count - StochasticKsmoothing).Average());
		if (_smoothK.Count > StochasticDsmoothing + 2)
			_smoothK.RemoveAt(0);
	}

	private (decimal plusDi, decimal minusDi) CalculateDirectionalIndex()
	{
		var tr = 0m;
		var plus = 0m;
		var minus = 0m;
		var start = _bars.Count - AdxPeriod;

		for (var i = start; i < _bars.Count; i++)
		{
			var current = _bars[i];
			var previous = _bars[i - 1];
			var up = current.High - previous.High;
			var down = previous.Low - current.Low;

			plus += up > down && up > 0m ? up : 0m;
			minus += down > up && down > 0m ? down : 0m;

			tr += Math.Max(current.High - current.Low,
				Math.Max(Math.Abs(current.High - previous.Close), Math.Abs(current.Low - previous.Close)));
		}

		return tr <= 0m ? (0m, 0m) : (plus / tr * 100m, minus / tr * 100m);
	}

	internal static (decimal longVolume, decimal shortVolume) CalculateSignalVolumes(
		decimal baseVolume,
		decimal multiplier,
		bool longDirectional,
		bool shortDirectional,
		bool longMomentum,
		bool shortMomentum,
		bool longMacd,
		bool shortMacd,
		bool longSar,
		bool shortSar)
	{
		var longVolume = baseVolume;
		var shortVolume = baseVolume;

		if (longDirectional) longVolume *= multiplier;
		if (shortDirectional) shortVolume *= multiplier;
		if (longMomentum) longVolume *= multiplier;
		if (shortMomentum) shortVolume *= multiplier;
		if (longMacd) longVolume *= multiplier;
		if (shortMacd) shortVolume *= multiplier;
		if (longSar) longVolume *= multiplier;
		if (shortSar) shortVolume *= multiplier;

		return (longVolume, shortVolume);
	}

	private decimal NormalizeVolume(decimal volume)
	{
		if (Security?.MaxVolume is decimal max && max > 0m) volume = Math.Min(volume, max);
		if (Security?.MinVolume is decimal min && min > 0m) volume = Math.Max(volume, min);
		if (Security?.VolumeStep is decimal step && step > 0m) volume = Math.Floor(volume / step) * step;
		return volume;
	}

	private decimal GetPipSize()
	{
		var step = Security?.PriceStep ?? 0m;
		if (step <= 0m) return 0.0001m;
		return step is 0.00001m or 0.001m ? step * 10m : step;
	}

	private static decimal Ema(decimal? previous, decimal value, int period)
	{
		if (previous is null) return value;
		var alpha = 2m / (period + 1m);
		return previous.Value + alpha * (value - previous.Value);
	}

	private void ResetProtection()
	{
		_entryPrice = 0m;
		_stopPrice = null;
		_takePrice = null;
		_bestPrice = null;
		_entryCandleTime = null;
	}

	private readonly record struct Bar(decimal High, decimal Low, decimal Close);

	private sealed class SarState(decimal step, decimal maximum)
	{
		private bool _initialized;
		private bool _up;
		private decimal _sar;
		private decimal _ep;
		private decimal _af;
		private decimal _previousHigh;
		private decimal _previousLow;
		private decimal _previousClose;
		private decimal _olderHigh;
		private decimal _olderLow;
		private int _count;

		public void Reset()
		{
			_initialized = false;
			_up = false;
			_sar = _ep = _af = 0m;
			_previousHigh = _previousLow = _previousClose = 0m;
			_olderHigh = _olderLow = 0m;
			_count = 0;
		}

		public decimal? Process(decimal high, decimal low, decimal close)
		{
			_count++;

			if (_count == 1)
			{
				_previousHigh = _olderHigh = high;
				_previousLow = _olderLow = low;
				_previousClose = close;
				return null;
			}

			if (!_initialized)
			{
				_up = close >= _previousClose;
				_sar = _up ? Math.Min(_previousLow, low) : Math.Max(_previousHigh, high);
				_ep = _up ? Math.Max(_previousHigh, high) : Math.Min(_previousLow, low);
				_af = step;
				_initialized = true;
				Shift(high, low, close);
				return _sar;
			}

			var next = _sar + _af * (_ep - _sar);

			if (_up)
			{
				next = Math.Min(next, Math.Min(_previousLow, _olderLow));
				if (low < next)
				{
					_up = false;
					next = _ep;
					_ep = low;
					_af = step;
				}
				else if (high > _ep)
				{
					_ep = high;
					_af = Math.Min(maximum, _af + step);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				next = Math.Max(next, Math.Max(_previousHigh, _olderHigh));
				if (high > next)
				{
					_up = true;
					next = _ep;
					_ep = high;
					_af = step;
				}
				else if (low < _ep)
				{
					_ep = low;
					_af = Math.Min(maximum, _af + step);
				}
			}

			_sar = next;
			Shift(high, low, close);
			return _sar;
		}

		private void Shift(decimal high, decimal low, decimal close)
		{
			_olderHigh = _previousHigh;
			_olderLow = _previousLow;
			_previousHigh = high;
			_previousLow = low;
			_previousClose = close;
		}
	}
}