El Efecto Mes del Año captura las diferencias de rendimiento observadas en varios meses.
Por ejemplo, las acciones suelen repuntar en noviembre y diciembre, pero pueden ser débiles durante septiembre.
Las pruebas indican un rendimiento anual promedio de aproximadamente el 88%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de acciones.
El sistema entra en largo o corto al comienzo de cada mes basándose en esos promedios históricos, saliendo a fin de mes.
Se utilizan stops para proteger el capital si el comportamiento estacional habitual no se materializa.
Detalles
Criterios de entrada: desencadenadores de efecto calendario
Largo/Corto: Ambos
Criterios de salida: stop-loss o señal opuesta
Stops: Sí, basado en porcentaje
Valores predeterminados:
CandleType = 15 minute
StopLossPercent = 2
Los días son días UTC, ya que el mercado opera las 24 horas; las entradas ocurren al cierre de la primera vela del día. De noviembre a abril compra y de mayo a octubre vende en corto, la división estacional clásica con meses de invierno fuertes y un septiembre débil; la posición se abre en la primera vela del mes y se cierra en la última.
Filtros:
Categoría: Estacionalidad
Dirección: Ambos
Indicadores: Estacionalidad
Stops: Sí
Complejidad: Intermedio
Marco temporal: Intradía
Estacionalidad: Sí
Redes neuronales: No
Divergencia: No
Nivel de riesgo: Medio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Month of Year strategy.
/// Days are UTC days of a market that trades around the clock.
/// On the first candle of each month it buys from November through April and sells short from May through October,
/// the classic seasonal split with strong winter months and a weak September; the position closes at the month's last candle,
/// and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class MonthOfYearStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private DateTime? _day;
/// <summary>
/// Stop-loss percentage.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public MonthOfYearStrategy()
{
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_day = null;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_day = null;
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.Bind(ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
var day = candle.OpenTime.Date;
var firstOfDay = _day != day;
if (firstOfDay)
{
_day = day;
}
// The candle is the day's last when the next one would open on another day.
var frame = CandleType.Arg is TimeSpan tf ? tf : TimeSpan.Zero;
var lastOfDay = (candle.OpenTime + frame).Date != day;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
if (Position != 0)
{
if (lastOfDay && (candle.OpenTime + frame).Month != day.Month)
{
if (Position > 0)
SellMarket(Position);
else
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
return;
}
if (!(firstOfDay && day.Day == 1))
return;
if ((day.Month is >= 5 and <= 10 ? -1 : 1) > 0)
BuyMarket(Volume);
else
SellMarket(Volume);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, DateTime, DayOfWeek, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class month_of_year_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Month of Year strategy.
Days are UTC days of a market that trades around the clock.
On the first candle of each month it buys from November through April and sells short from May through October,
the classic seasonal split with strong winter months and a weak September; the position closes at the month's last candle,
and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(month_of_year_strategy, self).__init__()
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._reset_state()
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def _reset_state(self):
self._day = None
def OnReseted(self):
super(month_of_year_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._reset_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(month_of_year_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._reset_state()
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.Bind(self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
day = candle.OpenTime.Date
first_of_day = self._day is None or self._day != day
if first_of_day:
self._day = day
# The candle is the day's last when the next one would open on another day.
frame = self.candle_type.Arg
last_of_day = (candle.OpenTime + frame).Date != day
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
if self.Position != 0:
if last_of_day and (candle.OpenTime + frame).Month != day.Month:
if self.Position > 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
else:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
return
if not (first_of_day and day.Day == 1):
return
if (-1 if 5 <= day.Month <= 10 else 1) > 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume)
else:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume)
def CreateClone(self):
return month_of_year_strategy()