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Estrategia de Reversión a la Media de Volatilidad

Este enfoque opera en torno a las fluctuaciones de la volatilidad del mercado. Cuando el ATR se desvía notablemente de su media móvil, sugiere que la volatilidad se ha vuelto inusualmente alta o baja y puede revertirse.

Las pruebas indican un rendimiento anual promedio de aproximadamente 73%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de criptomonedas.

La estrategia va largo cuando el ATR cae por debajo de la media menos DeviationMultiplier veces la desviación estándar y el precio está por debajo de la media móvil. Va corto cuando el ATR supera la banda superior y el precio está por encima de la media. Las posiciones se cierran una vez que el ATR regresa hacia su nivel medio.

Estas configuraciones funcionan para traders que prefieren operar contra los extremos de volatilidad en lugar de la dirección del precio. Se utiliza un stop-loss protector en caso de que la volatilidad siga expandiéndose.

Detalles

  • Criterios de entrada:
    • Largo: ATR < Avg - DeviationMultiplier * StdDev && Close < MA
    • Corto: ATR > Avg + DeviationMultiplier * StdDev && Close > MA
  • Largo/Corto: Ambos lados.
  • Criterios de salida:
    • Largo: Salir cuando ATR > Avg
    • Corto: Salir cuando ATR < Avg
  • Stops: Sí, stop-loss porcentual.
  • Valores predeterminados:
    • AtrPeriod = 14
    • AveragePeriod = 20
    • DeviationMultiplier = 2m
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
  • Filtros:
    • Categoría: Reversión a la media
    • Dirección: Ambos
    • Indicadores: ATR
    • Stops: Sí
    • Complejidad: Intermedio
    • Marco temporal: Intradía
    • Estacionalidad: No
    • Redes neuronales: No
    • Divergencia: No
    • Nivel de riesgo: Medio
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies
{
	using System;
	using System.Collections.Generic;

	using Ecng.Common;

	using StockSharp.Algo;
	using StockSharp.Algo.Candles;
	using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
	using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
	using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
	using StockSharp.Messages;

	/// <summary>
	/// Volatility Mean Reversion strategy.
	/// This strategy enters positions when ATR (volatility) is significantly below or above its average value.
	/// </summary>
	public class VolatilityMeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
	{
		private readonly StrategyParam<int> _atrPeriod;
		private readonly StrategyParam<int> _averagePeriod;
		private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _deviationMultiplier;
		private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
		private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;

		private decimal _prevAtr;
		private decimal _avgAtr;
		private decimal _stdDevAtr;
		private decimal _sumAtr;
		private decimal _sumSquaresAtr;
		private int _count;
		private readonly Queue<decimal> _atrValues = [];

		/// <summary>
		/// ATR Period.
		/// </summary>
		public int AtrPeriod
		{
			get => _atrPeriod.Value;
			set => _atrPeriod.Value = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Period for calculating mean and standard deviation of ATR.
		/// </summary>
		public int AveragePeriod
		{
			get => _averagePeriod.Value;
			set => _averagePeriod.Value = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Deviation multiplier for entry signals.
		/// </summary>
		public decimal DeviationMultiplier
		{
			get => _deviationMultiplier.Value;
			set => _deviationMultiplier.Value = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Candle type.
		/// </summary>
		public DataType CandleType
		{
			get => _candleType.Value;
			set => _candleType.Value = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Stop-loss percentage.
		/// </summary>
		public decimal StopLossPercent
		{
			get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
			set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Constructor.
		/// </summary>
		public VolatilityMeanReversionStrategy()
		{
			_atrPeriod = Param(nameof(AtrPeriod), 14)
				.SetGreaterThanZero()
				
				.SetOptimize(10, 20, 5)
				.SetDisplay("ATR Period", "Period for Average True Range indicator", "Indicators");

			_averagePeriod = Param(nameof(AveragePeriod), 20)
				.SetGreaterThanZero()
				
				.SetOptimize(10, 50, 10)
				.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Period for calculating ATR average and standard deviation", "Settings");

			_deviationMultiplier = Param(nameof(DeviationMultiplier), 2m)
				.SetGreaterThanZero()
				
				.SetOptimize(1.5m, 3m, 0.5m)
				.SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Multiplier for standard deviation", "Settings");

			_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
				.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");

			_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 1.0m)
				.SetNotNegative()
				.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk Management")
				
				.SetOptimize(0.5m, 2.0m, 0.5m);
		}

		/// <inheritdoc />
		public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		{
			return [(Security, CandleType)];
		}
		/// <inheritdoc />
		protected override void OnReseted()
		{
			base.OnReseted();

			_prevAtr = 0;
			_avgAtr = 0;
			_stdDevAtr = 0;
			_sumAtr = 0;
			_sumSquaresAtr = 0;
			_count = 0;
			_atrValues.Clear();
		}


		/// <inheritdoc />
		protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
		{
			// Create ATR indicator
			var atr = new AverageTrueRange { Length = AtrPeriod };

			// Create subscription and bind indicator
			var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
			subscription
				.BindEx(atr, ProcessCandle)
				.Start();

			// Setup chart visualization
			var area = CreateChartArea();
			if (area != null)
			{
				DrawCandles(area, subscription);
				DrawIndicator(area, atr);
				DrawOwnTrades(area);
			}

			StartProtection(
				new(),
				new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent),
				useMarketOrders: true
			);

			base.OnStarted2(time);
		}

		private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue atrValue)
		{
			// Skip unfinished candles
			if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
				return;

			// Check if strategy is ready to trade
			if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
				return;

			// Extract ATR value
			var currentAtr = atrValue.ToDecimal();

			// Update ATR statistics
			UpdateAtrStatistics(currentAtr);

			// If we don't have enough data yet for statistics
			if (_count < AveragePeriod)
			{
				_prevAtr = currentAtr;
				return;
			}

			// For volatility mean reversion, we need to use price action to determine direction
			// We'll use simple momentum for direction (current price vs previous price)
			var priceDirection = candle.ClosePrice > candle.OpenPrice ? Sides.Buy : Sides.Sell;

			// Check for entry conditions
			if (Position == 0)
			{
				// Low volatility expecting increase - possibly prepare for a breakout
				if (currentAtr < _avgAtr - DeviationMultiplier * _stdDevAtr)
				{
					// In low volatility, follow the current short-term price direction
					if (priceDirection == Sides.Buy)
					{
						BuyMarket(Volume);
						LogInfo($"Long entry: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, StdDev = {_stdDevAtr}, Price up");
					}
					else
					{
						SellMarket(Volume);
						LogInfo($"Short entry: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, StdDev = {_stdDevAtr}, Price down");
					}
				}
				// High volatility expecting decrease - possibly looking for market exhaustion
				else if (currentAtr > _avgAtr + DeviationMultiplier * _stdDevAtr)
				{
					// In high volatility, consider going against the short-term trend
					// as excessive volatility often leads to reversals
					if (priceDirection == Sides.Sell)
					{
						BuyMarket(Volume);
						LogInfo($"Contrarian long entry: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, StdDev = {_stdDevAtr}, High volatility");
					}
					else
					{
						SellMarket(Volume);
						LogInfo($"Contrarian short entry: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, StdDev = {_stdDevAtr}, High volatility");
					}
				}
			}
			// Check for exit conditions
			else if (Position > 0) // Long position
			{
				if (currentAtr < _avgAtr && priceDirection == Sides.Sell)
				{
					ClosePosition();
					LogInfo($"Long exit: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, Price down");
				}
			}
			else if (Position < 0) // Short position
			{
				if (currentAtr < _avgAtr && priceDirection == Sides.Buy)
				{
					ClosePosition();
					LogInfo($"Short exit: ATR = {currentAtr}, Avg = {_avgAtr}, Price up");
				}
			}

			// Save current ATR for next iteration
			_prevAtr = currentAtr;
		}

		private void UpdateAtrStatistics(decimal currentAtr)
		{
			// Add current value to the queue
			_atrValues.Enqueue(currentAtr);
			_sumAtr += currentAtr;
			_sumSquaresAtr += currentAtr * currentAtr;
			_count++;

			// If queue is larger than period, remove oldest value
			if (_atrValues.Count > AveragePeriod)
			{
				var oldestAtr = _atrValues.Dequeue();
				_sumAtr -= oldestAtr;
				_sumSquaresAtr -= oldestAtr * oldestAtr;
				_count--;
			}

			// Calculate average and standard deviation
			if (_count > 0)
			{
				_avgAtr = _sumAtr / _count;
				
				if (_count > 1)
				{
					var variance = (_sumSquaresAtr - (_sumAtr * _sumAtr) / _count) / (_count - 1);
					_stdDevAtr = variance <= 0 ? 0 : (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)variance);
				}
				else
				{
					_stdDevAtr = 0;
				}
			}
		}
	}
}