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Estrategia de Cruce Bulls vs Bears

Descripción general

Esta estrategia implementa un sistema de cruce basado en el indicador Bulls vs Bears (BvsB). El indicador mide la distancia entre los precios máximo y mínimo de una vela y una media móvil. Cuando la distancia alcista cae por debajo de la distancia bajista, indica una presión al alza que se desvanece, y la estrategia abre una posición larga. Por el contrario, cuando la distancia alcista sube por encima de la distancia bajista, se abre una posición corta. Las posiciones existentes se cierran ante la señal opuesta o cuando se alcanzan los objetivos de beneficio o pérdida.

El tipo y período de la media móvil son configurables, lo que permite que la estrategia se adapte a diferentes mercados y marcos temporales. La gestión de riesgo se controla mediante niveles fijos de stop-loss y take-profit expresados en pasos de precio.

Parámetros

Nombre Descripción
MaType Método de cálculo de la media móvil (SMA, EMA, SMMA, WMA).
MaLength Período de la media móvil.
StopLoss Distancia de stop-loss en pasos de precio.
TakeProfit Distancia de take-profit en pasos de precio.
OpenLong Permitir apertura de posiciones largas en cruce alcista.
OpenShort Permitir apertura de posiciones cortas en cruce bajista.
CloseLong Permitir cierre de posiciones largas en cruce bajista.
CloseShort Permitir cierre de posiciones cortas en cruce alcista.
CandleType Marco temporal de las velas procesadas.

Cómo funciona

  1. Suscribirse a la serie de velas especificada y calcular una media móvil.
  2. Para cada vela finalizada, calcular las distancias alcista y bajista:
    • Bull = (HighPrice - MA) / PriceStep
    • Bear = (MA - LowPrice) / PriceStep
  3. Detectar cruces entre los valores Bull y Bear.
  4. Abrir o cerrar posiciones según la dirección del cruce y las opciones habilitadas.
  5. Gestionar el riesgo usando los niveles de stop-loss y take-profit configurados.

Este enfoque simple pero flexible puede aplicarse a muchos instrumentos para medir el equilibrio entre las fuerzas alcistas y bajistas.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Bulls vs Bears crossover strategy.
/// Opens long or short positions when the distance from high and low to a moving average crosses.
/// </summary>
public class BullsVsBearsCrossoverStrategy : Strategy
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Moving average types.
	/// </summary>
	public enum MovingAverageTypes
	{
		/// <summary>
		/// Simple moving average.
		/// </summary>
		SMA,

		/// <summary>
		/// Exponential moving average.
		/// </summary>
		EMA,

		/// <summary>
		/// Smoothed moving average.
		/// </summary>
		SMMA,

		/// <summary>
		/// Weighted moving average.
		/// </summary>
		WMA
	}

	private readonly StrategyParam<MovingAverageTypes> _maType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maLength;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _takeProfit;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _openLong;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _openShort;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _closeLong;
	private readonly StrategyParam<bool> _closeShort;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _minSpreadSteps;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;

	private IIndicator _ma = null!;
	private decimal _prevBull;
	private decimal _prevBear;
	private decimal _entryPrice;
	private int _cooldownRemaining;

	public MovingAverageTypes MaType
	{
		get => _maType.Value;
		set => _maType.Value = value;
	}

	public int MaLength
	{
		get => _maLength.Value;
		set => _maLength.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal StopLoss
	{
		get => _stopLoss.Value;
		set => _stopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal TakeProfit
	{
		get => _takeProfit.Value;
		set => _takeProfit.Value = value;
	}

	public bool OpenLong
	{
		get => _openLong.Value;
		set => _openLong.Value = value;
	}

	public bool OpenShort
	{
		get => _openShort.Value;
		set => _openShort.Value = value;
	}

	public bool CloseLong
	{
		get => _closeLong.Value;
		set => _closeLong.Value = value;
	}

	public bool CloseShort
	{
		get => _closeShort.Value;
		set => _closeShort.Value = value;
	}

	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	public decimal MinSpreadSteps
	{
		get => _minSpreadSteps.Value;
		set => _minSpreadSteps.Value = value;
	}

	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	public BullsVsBearsCrossoverStrategy()
	{
		_maType = Param(nameof(MaType), MovingAverageTypes.SMA)
			.SetDisplay("MA Type", "Moving average type", "General");

		_maLength = Param(nameof(MaLength), 12)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MA Length", "Moving average period", "General");

		_stopLoss = Param(nameof(StopLoss), 1000m)
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss", "Loss in price steps", "Risk");

		_takeProfit = Param(nameof(TakeProfit), 2000m)
			.SetDisplay("Take Profit", "Profit in price steps", "Risk");

		_openLong = Param(nameof(OpenLong), true)
			.SetDisplay("Open Long", "Allow long entries", "General");

		_openShort = Param(nameof(OpenShort), true)
			.SetDisplay("Open Short", "Allow short entries", "General");

		_closeLong = Param(nameof(CloseLong), true)
			.SetDisplay("Close Long", "Allow closing long positions", "General");

		_closeShort = Param(nameof(CloseShort), true)
			.SetDisplay("Close Short", "Allow closing short positions", "General");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromHours(4).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Timeframe to process", "General");

		_minSpreadSteps = Param(nameof(MinSpreadSteps), 60m)
			.SetDisplay("Minimum Spread", "Minimum spread between bull and bear power in price steps", "Filters");

		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 6)
			.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Completed candles to wait after a position change", "Trading");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_ma = null!;
		_prevBull = 0m;
		_prevBear = 0m;
		_entryPrice = 0m;
		_cooldownRemaining = 0;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_ma = CreateMovingAverage(MaType, MaLength);
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription.Bind(_ma, ProcessCandle).Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, _ma);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}

		StartProtection(null, null);
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal maValue)
	{
		var step = Security.PriceStep ?? 1m;
		var bull = (candle.HighPrice - maValue) / step;
		var bear = (maValue - candle.LowPrice) / step;
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || !_ma.IsFormed)
		{
			_prevBull = bull;
			_prevBear = bear;
			return;
		}

		if (_cooldownRemaining > 0)
			_cooldownRemaining--;

		var spread = Math.Abs(bull - bear);
		var crossDown = _prevBull > _prevBear && bull <= bear && spread >= MinSpreadSteps;
		var crossUp = _prevBull < _prevBear && bull >= bear && spread >= MinSpreadSteps;

		if (_cooldownRemaining == 0)
		{
			if (crossDown)
			{
				if (CloseShort && Position < 0)
					BuyMarket();

				if (OpenLong && Position <= 0)
				{
					BuyMarket();
					_entryPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
					_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
				}
			}
			else if (crossUp)
			{
				if (CloseLong && Position > 0)
					SellMarket();

				if (OpenShort && Position >= 0)
				{
					SellMarket();
					_entryPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
					_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
				}
			}
		}

		if (Position > 0)
		{
			var tp = _entryPrice + TakeProfit * step;
			var sl = _entryPrice - StopLoss * step;
			if (candle.ClosePrice >= tp || candle.ClosePrice <= sl)
			{
				SellMarket();
				_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
			}
		}
		else if (Position < 0)
		{
			var tp = _entryPrice - TakeProfit * step;
			var sl = _entryPrice + StopLoss * step;
			if (candle.ClosePrice <= tp || candle.ClosePrice >= sl)
			{
				BuyMarket();
				_cooldownRemaining = CooldownBars;
			}
		}

		_prevBull = bull;
		_prevBear = bear;
	}

	private static IIndicator CreateMovingAverage(MovingAverageTypes type, int length)
	{
		return type switch
		{
			MovingAverageTypes.SMA => new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = length },
			MovingAverageTypes.EMA => new ExponentialMovingAverage { Length = length },
			MovingAverageTypes.SMMA => new SmoothedMovingAverage { Length = length },
			MovingAverageTypes.WMA => new WeightedMovingAverage { Length = length },
			_ => new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = length },
		};
	}
}