Estrategia de Arbitraje Estadístico
Este enfoque de arbitraje estadístico opera un par de valores relacionados basándose en su posición relativa alrededor de las medias móviles. Al comparar cada activo con su propia media, la estrategia busca explotar las dislocaciones a corto plazo que deberían converger con el tiempo.
Las pruebas indican un retorno anual promedio de aproximadamente 94%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de acciones.
Se inicia una posición larga cuando el primer activo cotiza por debajo de su media móvil mientras el segundo activo cotiza por encima de su propia media. Una posición corta ocurre cuando el primer activo está por encima de su media y el segundo está por debajo. Las posiciones se cierran cuando el primer activo cruza de vuelta a través de su media móvil, señalando que el diferencial se ha normalizado.
El método es ideal para traders neutrales al mercado cómodos balanceando la exposición entre dos instrumentos. El stop-loss incorporado limita las caídas si el diferencial se amplía en lugar de revertirse.
Detalles
- Criterios de entrada:
- Largo: Asset1 < MA1 && Asset2 > MA2
- Corto: Asset1 > MA1 && Asset2 < MA2
- Largo/Corto: Ambos lados.
- Criterios de salida:
- Largo: Salir cuando Asset1 cierra por encima de su MA1
- Corto: Salir cuando Asset1 cierra por debajo de su MA1
- Stops: Sí, stop-loss porcentual sobre el diferencial.
- Valores predeterminados:
LookbackPeriod = 20
StopLossPercent = 2
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15)
SecondSecurity — obligatorio, sin valor por defecto
Asset1 es el Security de la estrategia y Asset2 es SecondSecurity; MA1 y MA2 son las medias móviles simples de sus últimos LookbackPeriod cierres en velas de la misma hora. Un largo compra Asset1 y vende Asset2, un corto hace lo contrario, cada pata por Volume, y una señal contraria invierte ambas patas. El stop cierra ambas patas cuando el spread, Asset1 menos Asset2, se mueve en contra un StopLossPercent de su valor de entrada, comprobado al cierre de las velas; 0 lo desactiva.
- Filtros:
- Categoría: Arbitraje
- Dirección: Ambos
- Indicadores: Moving Averages
- Stops: Sí
- Complejidad: Intermedio
- Marco temporal: Intradía
- Estacionalidad: No
- Redes neuronales: No
- Divergencia: Sí
- Nivel de riesgo: Medio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Statistical arbitrage strategy.
/// Each instrument is compared with the simple moving average of its last LookbackPeriod closes on candles of the same time. The first
/// instrument below its average while the second is above its own buys the first and sells the second, the mirror does the opposite,
/// reversing an opposite pair. Both legs close once the first instrument closes back across its average, or once the spread, the first
/// close minus the second, moves StopLossPercent of its entry value against the pair.
/// </summary>
public class StatisticalArbitrageStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly StrategyParam<Security> _secondSecurity;
private readonly Dictionary<DateTime, decimal> _firstCloses = [];
private readonly Dictionary<DateTime, decimal> _secondCloses = [];
private readonly Queue<decimal> _firstHistory = [];
private readonly Queue<decimal> _secondHistory = [];
// 1 while long the spread, -1 while short it, 0 while flat.
private int _side;
private decimal _entrySpread;
/// <summary>
/// Number of closes each moving average spans.
/// </summary>
public int LookbackPeriod
{
get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Adverse spread move, in percent of the entry spread, that closes the pair.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Second security in the pair.
/// </summary>
public Security SecondSecurity
{
get => _secondSecurity.Value;
set => _secondSecurity.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public StatisticalArbitrageStrategy()
{
_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Closes each moving average spans", "Parameters");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop-loss %", "Adverse spread move in percent of the entry spread", "Risk Management");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
_secondSecurity = Param<Security>(nameof(SecondSecurity))
.SetDisplay("Second Security", "Second security in the pair", "General")
.SetRequired();
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType), (SecondSecurity, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
ResetState();
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
if (SecondSecurity == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Second security is not specified.");
ResetState();
var firstSubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
firstSubscription.Bind(candle => ProcessCandle(candle, _firstCloses)).Start();
var secondSubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: SecondSecurity);
secondSubscription.Bind(candle => ProcessCandle(candle, _secondCloses)).Start();
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, firstSubscription);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ResetState()
{
_firstCloses.Clear();
_secondCloses.Clear();
_firstHistory.Clear();
_secondHistory.Clear();
_side = 0;
_entrySpread = 0;
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, Dictionary<DateTime, decimal> closes)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
closes[candle.OpenTime] = candle.ClosePrice;
// The spread needs both instruments' candles of the same time, whichever arrives last.
if (!_firstCloses.TryGetValue(candle.OpenTime, out var first) || !_secondCloses.TryGetValue(candle.OpenTime, out var second))
return;
foreach (var stale in _firstCloses.Keys.Where(t => t <= candle.OpenTime).ToArray())
_firstCloses.Remove(stale);
foreach (var stale in _secondCloses.Keys.Where(t => t <= candle.OpenTime).ToArray())
_secondCloses.Remove(stale);
_firstHistory.Enqueue(first);
_secondHistory.Enqueue(second);
if (_firstHistory.Count > LookbackPeriod)
{
_firstHistory.Dequeue();
_secondHistory.Dequeue();
}
if (_firstHistory.Count < LookbackPeriod)
return;
var firstAverage = _firstHistory.Average();
var secondAverage = _secondHistory.Average();
var spread = first - second;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var stopDistance = Math.Abs(_entrySpread) * StopLossPercent / 100;
if (first < firstAverage && second > secondAverage && _side <= 0)
{
MoveLegs(1);
_entrySpread = spread;
}
else if (first > firstAverage && second < secondAverage && _side >= 0)
{
MoveLegs(-1);
_entrySpread = spread;
}
else if (_side > 0 && (first > firstAverage || (StopLossPercent > 0 && spread <= _entrySpread - stopDistance)))
{
MoveLegs(0);
}
else if (_side < 0 && (first < firstAverage || (StopLossPercent > 0 && spread >= _entrySpread + stopDistance)))
{
MoveLegs(0);
}
}
private void MoveLegs(int side)
{
_side = side;
// Long the spread holds the first instrument and is short the second, each by Volume.
var firstChange = side * Volume - Position;
if (firstChange > 0)
BuyMarket(firstChange);
else if (firstChange < 0)
SellMarket(-firstChange);
var secondChange = -side * Volume - (GetPositionValue(SecondSecurity, Portfolio) ?? 0m);
if (secondChange > 0)
BuyMarket(secondChange, SecondSecurity);
else if (secondChange < 0)
SellMarket(-secondChange, SecondSecurity);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Security
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class statistical_arbitrage_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Statistical arbitrage strategy.
Each instrument is compared with the simple moving average of its last LookbackPeriod closes on candles of the same time. The first
instrument below its average while the second is above its own buys the first and sells the second, the mirror does the opposite,
reversing an opposite pair. Both legs close once the first instrument closes back across its average, or once the spread, the first
close minus the second, moves StopLossPercent of its entry value against the pair.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(statistical_arbitrage_strategy, self).__init__()
self._lookback_period = self.Param("LookbackPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Closes each moving average spans", "Parameters")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop-loss %", "Adverse spread move in percent of the entry spread", "Risk Management")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(15))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._second_security = self.Param[Security]("SecondSecurity", None).SetDisplay("Second Security", "Second security in the pair", "General").SetRequired()
self._reset_state()
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
@property
def second_security(self):
return self._second_security.Value
@second_security.setter
def second_security(self, value):
self._second_security.Value = value
def _reset_state(self):
self._first_closes = {}
self._second_closes = {}
self._first_history = []
self._second_history = []
# 1 while long the spread, -1 while short it, 0 while flat.
self._side = 0
self._entry_spread = Decimal(0)
def GetWorkingSecurities(self):
return [(self.Security, self.candle_type), (self.second_security, self.candle_type)]
def OnReseted(self):
super(statistical_arbitrage_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._reset_state()
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(statistical_arbitrage_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
if self.second_security is None:
raise Exception("Second security is not specified.")
self._reset_state()
first_subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
first_subscription.Bind(self._process_first_candle).Start()
second_subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type, security=self.second_security)
second_subscription.Bind(self._process_second_candle).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, first_subscription)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _process_first_candle(self, candle):
self._process_candle(candle, self._first_closes)
def _process_second_candle(self, candle):
self._process_candle(candle, self._second_closes)
def _process_candle(self, candle, closes):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
time = candle.OpenTime
closes[time] = candle.ClosePrice
# The spread needs both instruments' candles of the same time, whichever arrives last.
if time not in self._first_closes or time not in self._second_closes:
return
first = self._first_closes[time]
second = self._second_closes[time]
for stale in [t for t in self._first_closes if t <= time]:
del self._first_closes[stale]
for stale in [t for t in self._second_closes if t <= time]:
del self._second_closes[stale]
period = self._lookback_period.Value
self._first_history.append(first)
self._second_history.append(second)
if len(self._first_history) > period:
self._first_history.pop(0)
self._second_history.pop(0)
if len(self._first_history) < period:
return
first_total = Decimal(0)
second_total = Decimal(0)
for value in self._first_history:
first_total += value
for value in self._second_history:
second_total += value
first_average = first_total / Decimal(period)
second_average = second_total / Decimal(period)
spread = first - second
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
stop_percent = Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value)
stop_distance = abs(self._entry_spread) * stop_percent / Decimal(100)
if first < first_average and second > second_average and self._side <= 0:
self._move_legs(1)
self._entry_spread = spread
elif first > first_average and second < second_average and self._side >= 0:
self._move_legs(-1)
self._entry_spread = spread
elif self._side > 0 and (first > first_average or (stop_percent > 0 and spread <= self._entry_spread - stop_distance)):
self._move_legs(0)
elif self._side < 0 and (first < first_average or (stop_percent > 0 and spread >= self._entry_spread + stop_distance)):
self._move_legs(0)
def _move_legs(self, side):
self._side = side
# Long the spread holds the first instrument and is short the second, each by Volume.
first_change = Decimal(side) * self.Volume - self.Position
if first_change > 0:
self.BuyMarket(first_change)
elif first_change < 0:
self.SellMarket(-first_change)
second_position = self.GetPositionValue(self.second_security, self.Portfolio)
if second_position is None:
second_position = Decimal(0)
second_change = Decimal(-side) * self.Volume - second_position
if second_change > 0:
self.BuyMarket(second_change, self.second_security)
elif second_change < 0:
self.SellMarket(-second_change, self.second_security)
def CreateClone(self):
return statistical_arbitrage_strategy()