Español
Ver en GitHub

Estrategia de Divergencia con OBV

El On-Balance Volume rastrea el volumen de operaciones acumulado con la idea de que el volumen precede al precio. Cuando el precio forma un nuevo máximo pero OBV no lo confirma, o viceversa, puede estar gestándose una reversión. Esta estrategia usa esa divergencia para operar en contra de movimientos insostenibles.

Las pruebas indican un rendimiento anual promedio de aproximadamente el 112%. Funciona mejor en el mercado de divisas.

Para cada vela, el OBV se actualiza y se compara con la lectura anterior. Surge una señal alcista si el precio hace un mínimo más bajo mientras el OBV registra un mínimo más alto. Una señal bajista ocurre cuando el precio sube a un máximo más alto pero el OBV se queda rezagado. Una media móvil proporciona un punto de salida, mientras que un stop porcentual mantiene las pérdidas controladas.

El enfoque intenta capturar la reversión a la media tras el agotamiento del volumen y generalmente mantiene las operaciones solo hasta que el precio cruza de vuelta la línea media.

Detalles

  • Criterios de entrada: Divergencia Precio/OBV.
  • Largo/Corto: Ambos.
  • Criterios de salida: Precio cruzando la media móvil o stop-loss.
  • Stops: Sí, basados en porcentaje.
  • Valores predeterminados:
    • DivergencePeriod = 5
    • MAPeriod = 20
    • CandleType = 5 minute
    • StopLossPercent = 2
  • Filtros:
    • Categoría: Divergencia
    • Dirección: Ambos
    • Indicadores: OBV, MA
    • Stops: Sí
    • Complejidad: Intermedio
    • Marco temporal: Intradía
    • Estacionalidad: No
    • Redes neuronales: No
    • Divergencia: Sí
    • Nivel de riesgo: Medio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// OBV (On-Balance Volume) Divergence strategy.
/// Bullish divergence: the low falls below the lows of the previous DivergencePeriod candles while OBV stays above its value
/// at the earlier low. Bearish divergence: the high rises above their highs while OBV stays below its value at the earlier high.
/// A divergence opens a position while flat; it closes when the close crosses back over the moving average or at the percent stop.
/// </summary>
public class ObvDivergenceStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _divergencePeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	private readonly List<(decimal High, decimal Low, decimal Obv)> _history = [];
	private decimal _obv;
	private decimal? _prevClose;

	/// <summary>
	/// Number of previous candles the new extreme is compared with.
	/// </summary>
	public int DivergencePeriod
	{
		get => _divergencePeriod.Value;
		set => _divergencePeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// MA Period.
	/// </summary>
	public int MAPeriod
	{
		get => _maPeriod.Value;
		set => _maPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stop-loss percentage.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopLossPercent
	{
		get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
		set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public ObvDivergenceStrategy()
	{
		_divergencePeriod = Param(nameof(DivergencePeriod), 5)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Divergence Period", "Previous candles the new extreme is compared with", "Indicators");

		_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for SMA exit signal", "Indicators");

		_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
			.SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_history.Clear();
		_obv = 0;
		_prevClose = null;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_history.Clear();
		_obv = 0;
		_prevClose = null;

		var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.BindEx(sma, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);

		// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
		foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
		{
			var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
			quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
			SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
		}

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, sma);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
	{
		// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue smaValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		var close = candle.ClosePrice;

		if (_prevClose is decimal prevClose)
		{
			if (close > prevClose)
				_obv += candle.TotalVolume;
			else if (close < prevClose)
				_obv -= candle.TotalVolume;
		}

		_prevClose = close;

		// Compare this candle with the DivergencePeriod candles before it.
		var previous = _history.ToArray();

		_history.Add((candle.HighPrice, candle.LowPrice, _obv));

		if (_history.Count > DivergencePeriod)
			_history.RemoveAt(0);

		if (previous.Length < DivergencePeriod || !smaValue.IsFormed)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		var ma = smaValue.GetValue<decimal>();

		if (Position > 0)
		{
			if (close > ma)
				SellMarket(Position);

			return;
		}

		if (Position < 0)
		{
			if (close < ma)
				BuyMarket(-Position);

			return;
		}

		var lowest = previous.MinBy(c => c.Low);
		var highest = previous.MaxBy(c => c.High);

		var bullish = candle.LowPrice < lowest.Low && _obv > lowest.Obv;
		var bearish = candle.HighPrice > highest.High && _obv < highest.Obv;

		if (bullish && !bearish)
			BuyMarket(Volume);
		else if (bearish && !bullish)
			SellMarket(Volume);
	}
}