Estratégia de Divergência com OBV
O On-Balance Volume rastreia o volume de negociação acumulado com a ideia de que o volume precede o preço. Quando o preço forma uma nova máxima mas o OBV não confirma — ou vice-versa —, uma reversão pode estar se formando. Esta estratégia usa essa divergência para operar contra movimentos insustentáveis.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 112%. Funciona melhor no mercado de câmbio.
Para cada vela, o OBV é atualizado e comparado com a leitura anterior. Um sinal de alta surge se o preço faz uma mínima mais baixa enquanto o OBV registra uma mínima mais alta. Um sinal de baixa ocorre quando o preço sobe a uma máxima mais alta mas o OBV fica para trás. Uma média móvel fornece um ponto de saída, enquanto um stop percentual mantém as perdas sob controle.
A abordagem tenta capturar a reversão à média após o esgotamento do volume e geralmente mantém as negociações apenas até que o preço cruze de volta a linha de média.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada: Divergência Preço/OBV.
- Comprado/Vendido: Ambos.
- Critérios de saída: Preço cruzando a média móvel ou stop-loss.
- Stops: Sim, baseados em percentual.
- Valores padrão:
DivergencePeriod= 5MAPeriod= 20CandleType= 5 minuteStopLossPercent= 2
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Divergência
- Direção: Ambos
- Indicadores: OBV, MA
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Intermediário
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Sim
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// OBV (On-Balance Volume) Divergence strategy.
/// Bullish divergence: the low falls below the lows of the previous DivergencePeriod candles while OBV stays above its value
/// at the earlier low. Bearish divergence: the high rises above their highs while OBV stays below its value at the earlier high.
/// A divergence opens a position while flat; it closes when the close crosses back over the moving average or at the percent stop.
/// </summary>
public class ObvDivergenceStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _divergencePeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly List<(decimal High, decimal Low, decimal Obv)> _history = [];
private decimal _obv;
private decimal? _prevClose;
/// <summary>
/// Number of previous candles the new extreme is compared with.
/// </summary>
public int DivergencePeriod
{
get => _divergencePeriod.Value;
set => _divergencePeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// MA Period.
/// </summary>
public int MAPeriod
{
get => _maPeriod.Value;
set => _maPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop-loss percentage.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public ObvDivergenceStrategy()
{
_divergencePeriod = Param(nameof(DivergencePeriod), 5)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Divergence Period", "Previous candles the new extreme is compared with", "Indicators");
_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for SMA exit signal", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_history.Clear();
_obv = 0;
_prevClose = null;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_history.Clear();
_obv = 0;
_prevClose = null;
var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(sma, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, sma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue smaValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
if (_prevClose is decimal prevClose)
{
if (close > prevClose)
_obv += candle.TotalVolume;
else if (close < prevClose)
_obv -= candle.TotalVolume;
}
_prevClose = close;
// Compare this candle with the DivergencePeriod candles before it.
var previous = _history.ToArray();
_history.Add((candle.HighPrice, candle.LowPrice, _obv));
if (_history.Count > DivergencePeriod)
_history.RemoveAt(0);
if (previous.Length < DivergencePeriod || !smaValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var ma = smaValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (Position > 0)
{
if (close > ma)
SellMarket(Position);
return;
}
if (Position < 0)
{
if (close < ma)
BuyMarket(-Position);
return;
}
var lowest = previous.MinBy(c => c.Low);
var highest = previous.MaxBy(c => c.High);
var bullish = candle.LowPrice < lowest.Low && _obv > lowest.Obv;
var bearish = candle.HighPrice > highest.High && _obv < highest.Obv;
if (bullish && !bearish)
BuyMarket(Volume);
else if (bearish && !bullish)
SellMarket(Volume);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class obv_divergence_strategy(Strategy):
"""
OBV (On-Balance Volume) Divergence strategy.
Bullish divergence: the low falls below the lows of the previous DivergencePeriod candles while OBV stays above its value
at the earlier low. Bearish divergence: the high rises above their highs while OBV stays below its value at the earlier high.
A divergence opens a position while flat; it closes when the close crosses back over the moving average or at the percent stop.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(obv_divergence_strategy, self).__init__()
self._divergence_period = self.Param("DivergencePeriod", 5).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Divergence Period", "Previous candles the new extreme is compared with", "Indicators")
self._ma_period = self.Param("MAPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for SMA exit signal", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._history = []
self._obv = Decimal(0)
self._prev_close = None
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(obv_divergence_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._history = []
self._obv = Decimal(0)
self._prev_close = None
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(obv_divergence_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._history = []
self._obv = Decimal(0)
self._prev_close = None
sma = SimpleMovingAverage()
sma.Length = self._ma_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(sma, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, sma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, sma_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
close = candle.ClosePrice
if self._prev_close is not None:
if close > self._prev_close:
self._obv += candle.TotalVolume
elif close < self._prev_close:
self._obv -= candle.TotalVolume
self._prev_close = close
# Compare this candle with the DivergencePeriod candles before it.
period = self._divergence_period.Value
previous = list(self._history)
self._history.append((candle.HighPrice, candle.LowPrice, self._obv))
if len(self._history) > period:
self._history.pop(0)
if len(previous) < period or not sma_value.IsFormed:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
ma = sma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if self.Position > 0:
if close > ma:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
return
if self.Position < 0:
if close < ma:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
return
lowest = min(previous, key=lambda c: c[1])
highest = max(previous, key=lambda c: c[0])
bullish = candle.LowPrice < lowest[1] and self._obv > lowest[2]
bearish = candle.HighPrice > highest[0] and self._obv < highest[2]
if bullish and not bearish:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume)
elif bearish and not bullish:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume)
def CreateClone(self):
return obv_divergence_strategy()