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Bollinger-Bandbreiten-Ausbruch-Strategie

Die Bollinger-Bandbreiten-Ausbruch-Strategie verfolgt den Bollinger auf starke Expansionen. Wenn die Werte über ihren normalen Bereich hinausspringen, beginnt der Kurs oft eine neue Bewegung.

Tests zeigen eine durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von etwa 109%. Am besten funktioniert sie auf dem Kryptomarkt.

Eine Position wird eröffnet, sobald der Indikator ein Band durchbricht, das aus aktuellen Daten und einem Abweichungsmultiplikator abgeleitet wird. Long- und Short-Trades sind mit einem Stop möglich.

Dieses System eignet sich für Momentum-Trader, die frühe Ausbrüche suchen. Trades werden geschlossen, wenn der Bollinger zur Mitte zurückkehrt. Die Standardwerte beginnen mit BollingerLength = 20.

Details

  • Einstiegskriterien: Indikator überschreitet den Durchschnitt um den Abweichungsmultiplikator.
  • Long/Short: Beide Richtungen.
  • Ausstiegskriterien: Indikator kehrt zum Durchschnitt zurück.
  • Stops: Ja.
  • Standardwerte:
    • BollingerLength = 20
    • BollingerDeviation = 2.0m
    • AvgPeriod = 20
    • Multiplier = 2.0m
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
    • StopMultiplier = 2
  • Filter:
    • Kategorie: Ausbruch
    • Richtung: Beide
    • Indikatoren: Bollinger
    • Stops: Ja
    • Komplexität: Mittel
    • Zeitrahmen: Kurzfristig
    • Saisonalität: Nein
    • Neuronale Netze: Nein
    • Divergenz: Nein
    • Risikolevel: Mittel
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;
using Ecng.Collections;
using Ecng.Serialization;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Strategy that trades on Bollinger Band width breakouts.
/// When Bollinger Band width increases significantly above its average, 
/// it enters position in the direction determined by price movement.
/// </summary>
public class BollingerWidthBreakoutStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _bollingerLength;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _bollingerDeviation;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _avgPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _multiplier;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _stopMultiplier;
	
	private BollingerBands _bollinger;
	private SimpleMovingAverage _widthAverage;
	private AverageTrueRange _atr;

	/// <summary>
	/// Bollinger Bands period.
	/// </summary>
	public int BollingerLength
	{
		get => _bollingerLength.Value;
		set => _bollingerLength.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Bollinger Bands standard deviation multiplier.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal BollingerDeviation
	{
		get => _bollingerDeviation.Value;
		set => _bollingerDeviation.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Period for width average calculation.
	/// </summary>
	public int AvgPeriod
	{
		get => _avgPeriod.Value;
		set => _avgPeriod.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Standard deviation multiplier for breakout detection.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal Multiplier
	{
		get => _multiplier.Value;
		set => _multiplier.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type for strategy.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Stop-loss ATR multiplier.
	/// </summary>
	public int StopMultiplier
	{
		get => _stopMultiplier.Value;
		set => _stopMultiplier.Value = value;
	}
	
	/// <summary>
	/// Initialize <see cref="BollingerWidthBreakoutStrategy"/>.
	/// </summary>
	public BollingerWidthBreakoutStrategy()
	{
		_bollingerLength = Param(nameof(BollingerLength), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Bollinger Length", "Period of the Bollinger Bands indicator", "Indicators")
			
			.SetOptimize(10, 50, 5);
			
		_bollingerDeviation = Param(nameof(BollingerDeviation), 2.0m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Bollinger Deviation", "Standard deviation multiplier for Bollinger Bands", "Indicators")
			
			.SetOptimize(1.0m, 3.0m, 0.5m);
		
		_avgPeriod = Param(nameof(AvgPeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Average Period", "Period for Bollinger width average calculation", "Indicators")
			
			.SetOptimize(10, 50, 5);
		
		_multiplier = Param(nameof(Multiplier), 1.5m)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Multiplier", "Standard deviation multiplier for breakout detection", "Indicators")

			.SetOptimize(1.0m, 3.0m, 0.5m);
		
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
		
		_stopMultiplier = Param(nameof(StopMultiplier), 2)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Multiplier", "ATR multiplier for stop-loss", "Risk Management")
			
			.SetOptimize(1, 5, 1);
	}
	
	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}
	
	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);


		// Create indicators
		_bollinger = new BollingerBands
		{
			Length = BollingerLength,
			Width = BollingerDeviation
		};
		
		_widthAverage = new SMA { Length = AvgPeriod };
		_atr = new AverageTrueRange { Length = BollingerLength };
		
		// Create subscription
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		
		// Bind Bollinger Bands
		subscription
			.BindEx(_bollinger, _atr, ProcessBollinger)
			.Start();

		StartProtection(
			takeProfit: new Unit(2, UnitTypes.Percent),
			stopLoss: new Unit(1, UnitTypes.Percent)
		);

		// Create chart area for visualization
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, _bollinger);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}
	
	private void ProcessBollinger(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue bollingerValue, IIndicatorValue atrValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (!bollingerValue.IsFinal || !atrValue.IsFinal || bollingerValue.IsEmpty || atrValue.IsEmpty)
			return;
		
		// Calculate Bollinger Band width
		if (bollingerValue is not BollingerBandsValue bollingerTyped)
			return;

		if (bollingerTyped.UpBand is not decimal upperBand)
			return;

		if (bollingerTyped.LowBand is not decimal lowerBand)
			return;

		var lastWidth = upperBand - lowerBand;

		// Process width through average
		var widthAvgValue = _widthAverage.Process(new DecimalIndicatorValue(_widthAverage, lastWidth, candle.ServerTime) { IsFinal = true });
		var avgWidth = widthAvgValue.ToDecimal();
		
		// Skip if indicators are not formed yet
		if (!_widthAverage.IsFormed)
		{
			return;
		}

		// Bollinger width breakout detection
		if (lastWidth > avgWidth * (1m + Multiplier / 10m))
		{
			// Determine direction based on price and bands
			var upperDistance = (candle.ClosePrice - upperBand).Abs();
			var lowerDistance = (candle.ClosePrice - lowerBand).Abs();
			var priceDirection = upperDistance < lowerDistance;

			if (priceDirection && Position == 0)
			{
				BuyMarket();
			}
			else if (!priceDirection && Position == 0)
			{
				SellMarket();
			}
		}
	}
}