Volumen-Divergenz (Volume Divergence)
Die Volumen-Divergenz sucht nach Diskrepanzen zwischen der Kursbewegung und dem Handelsvolumen. Fällt der Kurs, während das Volumen steigt, kann dies auf Akkumulation hinweisen; steigt der Kurs bei starkem Volumen, kann dies auf Distribution hindeuten.
Tests zeigen eine durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von etwa 43 %. Die Strategie eignet sich am besten für den Aktienmarkt.
Die Strategie geht long, wenn fallende Kurse von steigendem Volumen begleitet werden, und short, wenn steigende Kurse mit hohem Volumen einhergehen. Ausstiege basieren auf einem gleitenden Durchschnitts-Crossover.
Dieser Ansatz versucht, gegen nicht nachhaltige Bewegungen zu handeln.
Details
- Einstiegskriterien: Kurs und Volumen bewegen sich in entgegengesetzte Richtungen.
- Long/Short: Beide Richtungen.
- Ausstiegskriterien: Kurs kreuzt den MA oder Stop.
- Stops: Ja.
- Standardwerte:
MAPeriod= 20ATRPeriod= 14CandleType= TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
- Filter:
- Kategorie: Divergenz
- Richtung: Beide
- Indikatoren: Volume, MA
- Stops: Ja
- Komplexität: Mittel
- Zeitrahmen: Intraday
- Saisonalität: Nein
- Neuronale Netze: Nein
- Divergenz: Ja
- Risikolevel: Mittel
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Volume Divergence strategy.
/// Long entry: Price falls but volume increases (possible accumulation).
/// Short entry: Price rises but volume increases (possible distribution).
/// Exit: Price crosses MA.
/// </summary>
public class VolumeDivergenceStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;
private decimal _previousClose;
private decimal _previousVolume;
private int _cooldown;
/// <summary>
/// MA Period.
/// </summary>
public int MAPeriod
{
get => _maPeriod.Value;
set => _maPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type for strategy calculation.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Cooldown bars between trades.
/// </summary>
public int CooldownBars
{
get => _cooldownBars.Value;
set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Initialize <see cref="VolumeDivergenceStrategy"/>.
/// </summary>
public VolumeDivergenceStrategy()
{
_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for Moving Average", "Indicators")
.SetOptimize(10, 50, 10);
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 500)
.SetRange(1, 1000)
.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Bars to wait between trades", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_previousClose = default;
_previousVolume = default;
_cooldown = default;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_previousClose = 0;
_previousVolume = 0;
_cooldown = 0;
var ma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.Bind(ma, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, ma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal maValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
if (_previousClose == 0)
{
_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
_previousVolume = candle.TotalVolume;
return;
}
if (_cooldown > 0)
{
_cooldown--;
_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
_previousVolume = candle.TotalVolume;
return;
}
var priceDown = candle.ClosePrice < _previousClose;
var priceUp = candle.ClosePrice > _previousClose;
var volumeUp = candle.TotalVolume > _previousVolume;
var bullishDivergence = priceDown && volumeUp;
var bearishDivergence = priceUp && volumeUp;
if (Position == 0)
{
if (bullishDivergence && candle.ClosePrice < maValue)
{
BuyMarket();
_cooldown = CooldownBars;
}
else if (bearishDivergence && candle.ClosePrice > maValue)
{
SellMarket();
_cooldown = CooldownBars;
}
}
else if (Position > 0 && candle.ClosePrice < maValue && !bullishDivergence)
{
SellMarket();
_cooldown = CooldownBars;
}
else if (Position < 0 && candle.ClosePrice > maValue && !bearishDivergence)
{
BuyMarket();
_cooldown = CooldownBars;
}
_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
_previousVolume = candle.TotalVolume;
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
from System import TimeSpan
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class volume_divergence_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Volume Divergence strategy.
Long entry: Price falls but volume increases (possible accumulation).
Short entry: Price rises but volume increases (possible distribution).
Exit: Price crosses MA.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(volume_divergence_strategy, self).__init__()
self._ma_period = self.Param("MAPeriod", 20).SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for Moving Average", "Indicators")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._cooldown_bars = self.Param("CooldownBars", 500).SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Bars to wait between trades", "General")
self._previous_close = 0.0
self._previous_volume = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(volume_divergence_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._previous_close = 0.0
self._previous_volume = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(volume_divergence_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._previous_close = 0.0
self._previous_volume = 0.0
self._cooldown = 0
ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
ma.Length = self._ma_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.Bind(ma, self._process_candle).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, ma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _process_candle(self, candle, ma_val):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
close = float(candle.ClosePrice)
vol = float(candle.TotalVolume)
if self._previous_close == 0:
self._previous_close = close
self._previous_volume = vol
return
if self._cooldown > 0:
self._cooldown -= 1
self._previous_close = close
self._previous_volume = vol
return
mv = float(ma_val)
cd = self._cooldown_bars.Value
price_down = close < self._previous_close
price_up = close > self._previous_close
volume_up = vol > self._previous_volume
bullish_divergence = price_down and volume_up
bearish_divergence = price_up and volume_up
if self.Position == 0:
if bullish_divergence and close < mv:
self.BuyMarket()
self._cooldown = cd
elif bearish_divergence and close > mv:
self.SellMarket()
self._cooldown = cd
elif self.Position > 0 and close < mv and not bullish_divergence:
self.SellMarket()
self._cooldown = cd
elif self.Position < 0 and close > mv and not bearish_divergence:
self.BuyMarket()
self._cooldown = cd
self._previous_close = close
self._previous_volume = vol
def CreateClone(self):
return volume_divergence_strategy()