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Beta Adjusted Pairs Trading

Beta-neutrale Mittelwertrückkehr mit zwei Instrumenten. Ein anderes Asset2 und ein explizites Asset2Portfolio sind erforderlich; das Portfolio darf identisch sein. Kein implizites TON oder Konto; beide Betas positiv. Nur abgeschlossene Kerzen mit exakt gleichem OpenTime werden verbunden; fehlende, alte oder doppelte Daten mischen keine Zeitpunkte.

Handelsregeln

h=BetaAsset1/BetaAsset2, B1,B2 sind die ersten passenden positiven Schlusskurse. Spread s=ln(P1/B1)-h*ln(P2/B2). Mittelwert und Populationsabweichung der letzten LookbackPeriod Spreads einschließlich des aktuellen ergeben z=(s-mean)/deviation. Nullabweichung sperrt Einstieg. Long: z[p]<=-EntryThreshold && -EntryThreshold<z<0; Short: z[p]>=EntryThreshold && 0<z<EntryThreshold. Nur jenseits der Schwelle zu bleiben genügt nicht.

Long kauft Volume des ersten Instruments und verkauft q2=floor(Volume*P1*h/P2/VolumeStep2)*VolumeStep2 des zweiten; Short kehrt beide Seiten um. Kurse stammen aus passenden Signalkerzen; Hedge-Lotgrenzen werden geprüft, die Menge bleibt während der Position konstant. Einstieg nur bei beiden Positionen null, ohne ausstehende Orders und mit strikt mehr als CooldownBars Abstand der Einstiegsindizes.

Je abgeschlossenem Kerzenpaar gelten tatsächliche gewichtete Einstiegskurse F1,F2 und vorzeichenbehaftete Mengen q1,q2: PnL=q1*(P1-F1)+q2*(P2-F2), G=abs(q1)*F1+abs(q2)*F2. Beide tatsächlichen Positionen schließen bei PnL<=-G*StopLoss/100, sonst Long bei z>=-ExitThreshold, Short bei z<=ExitThreshold. Verlust hat Vorrang; Einstiegspause verzögert keinen Ausstieg. Verlustlimit auf Paarschlusskursen vor Gebühren, kein Intrabar-Börsenstop.

Beine sind separate Marktorders, nicht atomar. Ausstehende Orders blockieren Entscheidungen. Nach Abschluss bewirkt ein fehlendes, abgelehntes oder unvollständiges Bein die Glattstellung tatsächlicher Restpositionen beim nächsten passenden Kerzenpaar; fehlgeschlagene Abschlüsse werden dort erneut versucht. BTC/TON-Archiv prüft Mechanik, nicht Rentabilität oder stabile ökonomische Beziehung.

Einstiege verwenden nur abgeschlossene Kerzen und vollständig gebildete Indikatoren. Offene Positionen werden bis zum Ausstieg verwaltet; ausstehende Marktorders verhindern doppelte Aufträge.

Parameter

Parameter Default
Asset2 required
Asset2Portfolio required
BetaAsset1 1
BetaAsset2 1
LookbackPeriod 20
EntryThreshold 2
ExitThreshold 0.15
StopLoss 2 (%)
CooldownBars 120
CandleType 5m
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

/// <summary>Beta-neutral pairs: synchronized log-spread mean reversion and a filled two-leg loss limit.</summary>
public class BetaAdjustedPairsStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<Security> _asset2;
	private readonly StrategyParam<Portfolio> _asset2Portfolio;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _betaAsset1;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _betaAsset2;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _entryThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _exitThreshold;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLoss;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly SortedDictionary<DateTime, decimal> _firstBars = new(), _secondBars = new();
	private readonly Queue<decimal> _spreads = new();
	private readonly List<Order> _orders = new();
	private DateTime _lastPair;
	private decimal? _base1, _base2, _previousZ;
	private decimal _cost1, _cost2, _quantity1, _quantity2, _primaryQuantity, _hedgeQuantity;
	private int _side, _bar;
	private int? _lastEntry;

	/// <summary>Initializes the published pair inputs, signal and loss limit.</summary>
	public BetaAdjustedPairsStrategy()
	{
		_asset2 = Param<Security>(nameof(Asset2)).SetRequired()
			.SetDisplay("Asset2", "Explicit second execution instrument", "Parameters");
		_asset2Portfolio = Param<Portfolio>(nameof(Asset2Portfolio)).SetRequired()
			.SetDisplay("Asset2Portfolio", "Explicit portfolio for the hedge leg", "Parameters");
		_betaAsset1 = Param(nameof(BetaAsset1), 1m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("BetaAsset1", "Positive primary beta", "Parameters");
		_betaAsset2 = Param(nameof(BetaAsset2), 1m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("BetaAsset2", "Positive secondary beta", "Parameters");
		_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 20).SetRange(2, 100000)
			.SetDisplay("LookbackPeriod", "Matched spread observations in the z-score window", "Parameters");
		_entryThreshold = Param(nameof(EntryThreshold), 2m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("EntryThreshold", "Extreme z-score boundary to cross back toward zero", "Parameters");
		_exitThreshold = Param(nameof(ExitThreshold), 0.15m).SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("ExitThreshold", "Mean-reversion exit band", "Parameters");
		_stopLoss = Param(nameof(StopLoss), 2m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("StopLoss", "Loss limit as a percentage of gross filled entry notional", "Parameters");
		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 120).SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("CooldownBars", "Finished matched bars between pair entries", "Parameters");
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("CandleType", "Same finished candle interval on both legs", "Parameters");
	}

	/// <summary>Explicit second execution instrument.</summary>
	public Security Asset2
	{
		get => _asset2.Value;
		set => _asset2.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Explicit portfolio for the hedge leg.</summary>
	public Portfolio Asset2Portfolio
	{
		get => _asset2Portfolio.Value;
		set => _asset2Portfolio.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Positive primary beta.</summary>
	public decimal BetaAsset1
	{
		get => _betaAsset1.Value;
		set => _betaAsset1.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Positive secondary beta.</summary>
	public decimal BetaAsset2
	{
		get => _betaAsset2.Value;
		set => _betaAsset2.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Matched spread observations in the z-score window.</summary>
	public int LookbackPeriod
	{
		get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
		set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Extreme z-score boundary to cross back toward zero.</summary>
	public decimal EntryThreshold
	{
		get => _entryThreshold.Value;
		set => _entryThreshold.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Mean-reversion exit band.</summary>
	public decimal ExitThreshold
	{
		get => _exitThreshold.Value;
		set => _exitThreshold.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Loss limit as a percentage of gross filled entry notional.</summary>
	public decimal StopLoss
	{
		get => _stopLoss.Value;
		set => _stopLoss.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Finished matched bars between pair entries.</summary>
	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>Same finished candle interval on both legs.</summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		=> [(Security, CandleType), (Asset2, CandleType)];

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_firstBars.Clear(); _secondBars.Clear(); _spreads.Clear(); _orders.Clear();
		_lastPair = default;
		_base1 = _base2 = _previousZ = null;
		_cost1 = _cost2 = _quantity1 = _quantity2 = _primaryQuantity = _hedgeQuantity = 0m;
		_side = _bar = 0;
		_lastEntry = null;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		if (Asset2 is null || Asset2Portfolio is null || Security is null
			|| string.Equals(Asset2.Id, Security.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Asset2 must explicitly identify a different instrument, and Asset2Portfolio is required.");
		if (ExitThreshold >= EntryThreshold)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("ExitThreshold must be smaller than EntryThreshold.");
		base.OnStarted2(time);
		var first = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		var second = SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: Asset2);
		first.Bind(c => ProcessCandle(c, _firstBars)).Start();
		second.Bind(c => ProcessCandle(c, _secondBars)).Start();
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area is not null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, first);
			DrawCandles(area, second);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, SortedDictionary<DateTime, decimal> buffer)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || candle.ClosePrice <= 0m || candle.OpenTime <= _lastPair)
			return;
		buffer[candle.OpenTime] = candle.ClosePrice;
		// Bound unmatched observations if one feed stops; never combine candles with different times.
		while (buffer.Count > LookbackPeriod * 2)
			buffer.Remove(buffer.First().Key);
		if (!_firstBars.TryGetValue(candle.OpenTime, out var first) || !_secondBars.TryGetValue(candle.OpenTime, out var second))
			return;
		_lastPair = candle.OpenTime;
		foreach (var old in _firstBars.Keys.Where(t => t <= _lastPair).ToArray())
			_firstBars.Remove(old);
		foreach (var old in _secondBars.Keys.Where(t => t <= _lastPair).ToArray())
			_secondBars.Remove(old);
		_bar++;
		_base1 ??= first;
		_base2 ??= second;
		var beta = BetaAsset1 / BetaAsset2;
		var spread = (decimal)Math.Log((double)(first / _base1.Value)) - beta * (decimal)Math.Log((double)(second / _base2.Value));
		_spreads.Enqueue(spread);
		if (_spreads.Count > LookbackPeriod)
			_spreads.Dequeue();
		if (_spreads.Count < LookbackPeriod)
			return;
		var mean = _spreads.Average();
		var deviation = (decimal)Math.Sqrt((double)_spreads.Average(v => (v - mean) * (v - mean)));
		var previous = _previousZ;
		var z = deviation > 0m ? (spread - mean) / deviation : (decimal?)null;
		_previousZ = z;
		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading() || _orders.Any(o => o.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed)))
			return;
		_orders.Clear();
		var position1 = Position;
		var position2 = GetPositionValue(Asset2, Asset2Portfolio) ?? 0m;
		if (position1 != 0m || position2 != 0m)
		{
			if (_side == 0 || position1 != _side * _primaryQuantity || position2 != -_side * _hedgeQuantity)
			{
				ClosePair("Unbalanced");
				return;
			}
			var profit = _side * (_quantity1 * first - _cost1 - _quantity2 * second + _cost2);
			if (_cost1 + _cost2 > 0m && profit <= -(_cost1 + _cost2) * StopLoss / 100m)
				ClosePair("Stop");
			else if (z is decimal score && (_side > 0 ? score >= -ExitThreshold : score <= ExitThreshold))
				ClosePair("Mean");
			return;
		}
		_side = 0;
		if (previous is null || z is null || _lastEntry is int lastEntry && _bar - lastEntry <= CooldownBars)
			return;
		var side = previous <= -EntryThreshold && z > -EntryThreshold && z < 0m ? 1
			: previous >= EntryThreshold && z < EntryThreshold && z > 0m ? -1 : 0;
		if (side == 0)
			return;
		var step = Asset2.VolumeStep ?? 1m;
		_hedgeQuantity = Math.Floor(Volume * first * beta / second / step) * step;
		if (_hedgeQuantity < (Asset2.MinVolume ?? step) || Asset2.MaxVolume is decimal max && _hedgeQuantity > max)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("The beta-neutral hedge quantity is outside Asset2 lot limits.");
		_cost1 = _cost2 = _quantity1 = _quantity2 = 0m;
		_side = side;
		_primaryQuantity = Volume;
		_lastEntry = _bar;
		Submit(Security, Portfolio, side * _primaryQuantity, "Entry");
		Submit(Asset2, Asset2Portfolio, -side * _hedgeQuantity, "Entry");
	}

	private void Submit(Security security, Portfolio portfolio, decimal signedQuantity, string reason)
	{
		if (signedQuantity == 0m)
			return;
		var order = new Order
		{
			Security = security, Portfolio = portfolio,
			Side = signedQuantity > 0m ? Sides.Buy : Sides.Sell,
			Volume = Math.Abs(signedQuantity), Type = OrderTypes.Market, Comment = "0299" + reason,
		};
		_orders.Add(order);
		RegisterOrder(order);
	}

	private void ClosePair(string reason)
	{
		Submit(Security, Portfolio, -Position, reason);
		Submit(Asset2, Asset2Portfolio, -(GetPositionValue(Asset2, Asset2Portfolio) ?? 0m), reason);
		_side = 0;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnOwnTradeReceived(MyTrade trade)
	{
		base.OnOwnTradeReceived(trade);
		if (trade.Order.Comment != "0299Entry")
			return;
		if (trade.Order.Security == Security)
		{
			_quantity1 += trade.Trade.Volume;
			_cost1 += trade.Trade.Volume * trade.Trade.Price;
		}
		else
		{
			_quantity2 += trade.Trade.Volume;
			_cost2 += trade.Trade.Volume * trade.Trade.Price;
		}
	}
}