Starke Volumenspitzen signalisieren oft das Ende einer Bewegung, wenn Trader hastig Positionen schließen oder eröffnen. Diese Strategie misst das aktuelle Volumen im Vergleich zu einem Durchschnitt, um Erschöpfung zu erkennen. In Kombination mit der Kerzenrichtung und einem gleitenden Durchschnittsfilter können Umkehreinsteigspunkte präzise identifiziert werden.
Tests zeigen eine durchschnittliche Jahresrendite von etwa 133%. Am besten funktioniert die Strategie auf dem Kryptomarkt.
Jede Kerze aktualisiert das durchschnittliche Volumen. Wenn das Volumen des neuen Balkens diesen Durchschnitt um einen festgelegten Multiplikator überschreitet und die Kerze in der entgegengesetzten Richtung des vorherrschenden Trends schließt, eröffnet das System einen Trade. Ein ATR-basierter Stop schützt die Position.
Der Trade wird typischerweise über den Stop-Loss beendet, da die Strategie eine schnelle Umkehr nach dem Volumenausbruch erwartet.
Details
Einstiegskriterien: Volumenspitze über dem Durchschnitt mit Kerze entgegen dem Trend.
Long/Short: Beide.
Ausstiegskriterien: Stop-Loss.
Stops: Ja, ATR-basiert.
Standardwerte:
VolumePeriod = 20
VolumeMultiplier = 2.0
MAPeriod = 20
AtrMultiplier = 2 ATR
Der Trend ist die Richtung des gleitenden Durchschnitts gegenüber der Vorkerze. Der Stop beginnt AtrMultiplier ATR (Periode 14) vom Einstiegsschluss entfernt und folgt jedem späteren Schlusskurs in diesem Abstand; er wird bei Kerzenschluss geprüft.
CandleType = 5 minute
Filter:
Kategorie: Umkehr
Richtung: Beide
Indikatoren: Volume, MA, ATR
Stops: Ja
Komplexität: Mittel
Zeitrahmen: Intraday
Saisonalität: Nein
Neuronale Netze: Nein
Divergenz: Nein
Risikolevel: Mittel
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Volume Exhaustion strategy.
/// A volume spike is a candle whose volume exceeds VolumeMultiplier times the average of the previous VolumePeriod candles.
/// While flat, a bullish spike against a falling moving average buys and a bearish spike against a rising one sells.
/// The only exit is a stop that trails the close by AtrMultiplier ATRs.
/// </summary>
public class VolumeExhaustionStrategy : Strategy
{
/// <summary>
/// Period of the ATR that sizes the stop.
/// </summary>
public const int AtrPeriod = 14;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _volumePeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _volumeMultiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _atrMultiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly List<decimal> _volumes = [];
private decimal? _prevMa;
private decimal _stopPrice;
/// <summary>
/// Number of previous candles the volume is averaged over.
/// </summary>
public int VolumePeriod
{
get => _volumePeriod.Value;
set => _volumePeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// How many times the average volume a spike must exceed.
/// </summary>
public decimal VolumeMultiplier
{
get => _volumeMultiplier.Value;
set => _volumeMultiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Period of the moving average that defines the trend.
/// </summary>
public int MAPeriod
{
get => _maPeriod.Value;
set => _maPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Distance of the trailing stop in ATR multiples.
/// </summary>
public decimal AtrMultiplier
{
get => _atrMultiplier.Value;
set => _atrMultiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public VolumeExhaustionStrategy()
{
_volumePeriod = Param(nameof(VolumePeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Volume Period", "Previous candles the volume is averaged over", "Indicators");
_volumeMultiplier = Param(nameof(VolumeMultiplier), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Volume Multiplier", "How many times the average volume a spike must exceed", "Indicators");
_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Moving average that defines the trend", "Indicators");
_atrMultiplier = Param(nameof(AtrMultiplier), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("ATR Multiplier", "Distance of the trailing stop in ATR multiples", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_volumes.Clear();
_prevMa = null;
_stopPrice = default;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
_volumes.Clear();
_prevMa = null;
_stopPrice = default;
var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };
var atr = new AverageTrueRange { Length = AtrPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(sma, atr, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, sma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue smaValue, IIndicatorValue atrValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
// The spike is measured against the candles before this one.
var average = _volumes.Count == VolumePeriod ? _volumes.Average() : (decimal?)null;
_volumes.Add(candle.TotalVolume);
if (_volumes.Count > VolumePeriod)
_volumes.RemoveAt(0);
if (!smaValue.IsFormed || !atrValue.IsFormed)
return;
var ma = smaValue.GetValue<decimal>();
var prevMa = _prevMa;
_prevMa = ma;
if (average is not decimal avgVolume || prevMa is not decimal lastMa || !IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
var distance = AtrMultiplier * atrValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (Position > 0)
{
if (close <= _stopPrice)
SellMarket(Position);
else
_stopPrice = Math.Max(_stopPrice, close - distance);
return;
}
if (Position < 0)
{
if (close >= _stopPrice)
BuyMarket(-Position);
else
_stopPrice = Math.Min(_stopPrice, close + distance);
return;
}
var spike = candle.TotalVolume > avgVolume * VolumeMultiplier;
if (!spike)
return;
if (close > candle.OpenPrice && ma < lastMa)
{
BuyMarket(Volume);
_stopPrice = close - distance;
}
else if (close < candle.OpenPrice && ma > lastMa)
{
SellMarket(Volume);
_stopPrice = close + distance;
}
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
from System import TimeSpan, Math, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, AverageTrueRange
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
# Period of the ATR that sizes the stop.
ATR_PERIOD = 14
class volume_exhaustion_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Volume Exhaustion strategy.
A volume spike is a candle whose volume exceeds VolumeMultiplier times the average of the previous VolumePeriod candles.
While flat, a bullish spike against a falling moving average buys and a bearish spike against a rising one sells.
The only exit is a stop that trails the close by AtrMultiplier ATRs.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(volume_exhaustion_strategy, self).__init__()
self._volume_period = self.Param("VolumePeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Volume Period", "Previous candles the volume is averaged over", "Indicators")
self._volume_multiplier = self.Param("VolumeMultiplier", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Volume Multiplier", "How many times the average volume a spike must exceed", "Indicators")
self._ma_period = self.Param("MAPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("MA Period", "Moving average that defines the trend", "Indicators")
self._atr_multiplier = self.Param("AtrMultiplier", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("ATR Multiplier", "Distance of the trailing stop in ATR multiples", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._volumes = []
self._prev_ma = None
self._stop_price = Decimal(0)
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnReseted(self):
super(volume_exhaustion_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._volumes = []
self._prev_ma = None
self._stop_price = Decimal(0)
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(volume_exhaustion_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
self._volumes = []
self._prev_ma = None
self._stop_price = Decimal(0)
sma = SimpleMovingAverage()
sma.Length = self._ma_period.Value
atr = AverageTrueRange()
atr.Length = ATR_PERIOD
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(sma, atr, self._process_candle).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, sma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def _process_candle(self, candle, sma_value, atr_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
# The spike is measured against the candles before this one.
period = self._volume_period.Value
average = None
if len(self._volumes) == period:
total = Decimal(0)
for volume in self._volumes:
total += volume
average = total / Decimal(period)
self._volumes.append(candle.TotalVolume)
if len(self._volumes) > period:
self._volumes.pop(0)
if not sma_value.IsFormed or not atr_value.IsFormed:
return
ma = sma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
prev_ma = self._prev_ma
self._prev_ma = ma
if average is None or prev_ma is None or not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
close = candle.ClosePrice
distance = Decimal(self._atr_multiplier.Value) * atr_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if self.Position > 0:
if close <= self._stop_price:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
else:
self._stop_price = Math.Max(self._stop_price, close - distance)
return
if self.Position < 0:
if close >= self._stop_price:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
else:
self._stop_price = Math.Min(self._stop_price, close + distance)
return
spike = candle.TotalVolume > average * Decimal(self._volume_multiplier.Value)
if not spike:
return
if close > candle.OpenPrice and ma < prev_ma:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume)
self._stop_price = close - distance
elif close < candle.OpenPrice and ma > prev_ma:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume)
self._stop_price = close + distance
def CreateClone(self):
return volume_exhaustion_strategy()