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MACD-Trend

Strategie basierend auf dem MACD-Indikator.

Tests zeigen eine durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von etwa 64%. Die Strategie funktioniert am besten im Devisenmarkt.

Der MACD-Trend reagiert auf Kreuzungen zwischen der MACD-Linie und ihrer Signallinie. Bullische Kreuzungen initiieren Longs, während bärische Kreuzungen Shorts starten. Entgegengesetzte Kreuzungen oder ein Stop schließen den Trade.

Der Moving Average Convergence Divergence-Indikator passt sich durch die Messung von Momentum gut an sich verändernde Märkte an. Dieser Ansatz zielt darauf ab, Trendswings zu reiten, solange der Indikator eine klare bullische oder bärische Tendenz beibehält.

Details

  • Einstiegskriterien: Signale basierend auf MA, MACD.
  • Long/Short: Beide Richtungen.
  • Ausstiegskriterien: Gegensätzliches Signal oder Stop.
  • Stops: Ja.
  • Standardwerte:
    • FastEmaPeriod = 12
    • SlowEmaPeriod = 26
    • SignalPeriod = 9
    • StopLossPercent = 2m
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
  • Filter:
    • Kategorie: Trend
    • Richtung: Beide
    • Indikatoren: MA, MACD
    • Stops: Ja
    • Komplexität: Grundlegend
    • Zeitrahmen: Intraday (5m)
    • Saisonalität: Nein
    • Neuronale Netze: Nein
    • Divergenz: Nein
    • Risikolevel: Mittel
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;
using Ecng.Collections;
using Ecng.Serialization;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Strategy based on MACD indicator.
/// It enters long position when MACD crosses above signal line and short position when MACD crosses below signal line,
/// reversing on the opposite cross, and protects the position with a percent stop.
/// </summary>
public class MacdTrendStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _fastEmaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _slowEmaPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _signalPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;

	// Side of the signal line on the previous candle; unknown until the indicator forms.
	private bool? _prevIsMacdAboveSignal;

	/// <summary>
	/// Period for fast EMA in MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int FastEmaPeriod
	{
		get => _fastEmaPeriod.Value;
		set => _fastEmaPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Period for slow EMA in MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int SlowEmaPeriod
	{
		get => _slowEmaPeriod.Value;
		set => _slowEmaPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Period for signal line in MACD.
	/// </summary>
	public int SignalPeriod
	{
		get => _signalPeriod.Value;
		set => _signalPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Stop-loss as percentage of entry price.
	/// </summary>
	public decimal StopLossPercent
	{
		get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
		set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Initialize the MACD Trend strategy.
	/// </summary>
	public MacdTrendStrategy()
	{
		_fastEmaPeriod = Param(nameof(FastEmaPeriod), 12)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Fast EMA Period", "Period for fast EMA in MACD", "Indicators")

			.SetOptimize(8, 16, 2);

		_slowEmaPeriod = Param(nameof(SlowEmaPeriod), 26)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Slow EMA Period", "Period for slow EMA in MACD", "Indicators")

			.SetOptimize(20, 32, 2);

		_signalPeriod = Param(nameof(SignalPeriod), 9)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Signal Period", "Period for signal line in MACD", "Indicators")

			.SetOptimize(5, 13, 2);

		_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
			.SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss (%)", "Stop loss as a percentage of entry price", "Risk parameters")
			
			.SetOptimize(1, 3, 0.5m);

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_prevIsMacdAboveSignal = null;

	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		// Create MACD indicator with signal line

		var macd = new MovingAverageConvergenceDivergenceSignal
		{
			Macd =
			{
				ShortMa = { Length = FastEmaPeriod },
				LongMa = { Length = SlowEmaPeriod },
			},
			SignalMa = { Length = SignalPeriod }
		};
		// Create subscription and bind indicator
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.BindEx(macd, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);

		// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
		foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
		{
			var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
			quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
			SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
		}

		// Setup chart visualization if available
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, macd);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}

	}

	private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
	{
		// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue macdValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || !macdValue.IsFormed)
			return;

		var macdTyped = (MovingAverageConvergenceDivergenceSignalValue)macdValue;

		if (macdTyped.Macd is not decimal macd || macdTyped.Signal is not decimal signal)
			return;

		var isMacdAboveSignal = macd > signal;
		var wasMacdAboveSignal = _prevIsMacdAboveSignal;
		_prevIsMacdAboveSignal = isMacdAboveSignal;

		if (wasMacdAboveSignal is not bool wasAbove || wasAbove == isMacdAboveSignal)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		if (isMacdAboveSignal && Position <= 0)
		{
			BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
			LogInfo($"Buy signal: MACD ({macd:F5}) crossed above Signal ({signal:F5})");
		}
		else if (!isMacdAboveSignal && Position >= 0)
		{
			SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
			LogInfo($"Sell signal: MACD ({macd:F5}) crossed below Signal ({signal:F5})");
		}
	}
}