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VWAP Breakout

VWAP Breakout looks for price to cross the Volume Weighted Average Price from the opposite side. A breakout above VWAP signals bullish pressure, while a drop below VWAP signals bearish sentiment.

Testing indicates an average annual return of about 181%. It performs best in the crypto market.

The strategy waits for a close on the other side of VWAP and then trades in that direction. Exits occur when price reverses back through VWAP.

Because VWAP represents the average transaction price, breaks often lead to momentum moves.

Details

  • Entry Criteria: Price closes on the opposite side of VWAP.
  • Long/Short: Both directions.
  • Exit Criteria: Price crosses back through VWAP or stop.
  • Stops: Yes.
  • Default Values:
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
  • Filters:
    • Category: Breakout
    • Direction: Both
    • Indicators: VWAP
    • Stops: Yes
    • Complexity: Basic
    • Timeframe: Intraday
    • Seasonality: No
    • Neural Networks: No
    • Divergence: No
    • Risk Level: Medium
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Trades actual same-UTC-session Close crossings of cumulative candle VWAP.
/// The opposite crossing reverses the position; actual-fill percent protection flattens it.
/// </summary>
public class VWAPBreakoutStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;

	private VolumeWeightedAveragePrice _vwap;
	private DateTime? _sessionDate;
	private decimal? _previousClose;
	private decimal _previousVwap;
	private Order _pendingOrder;

	public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }
	public decimal StopLossPercent { get => _stopLossPercent.Value; set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value; }

	public VWAPBreakoutStrategy()
	{
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
		_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m).SetNotNegative()
			.SetDisplay("Stop Loss (%)", "Actual-fill percent stop; zero disables it.", "Protection");
		OrderRegistering += order => _pendingOrder = order;
	}

	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		=> [(Security, CandleType), (Security, DataType.Level1)];

	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		ClearSignalState();
		_vwap = null;
	}

	private void ClearSignalState()
	{
		_sessionDate = null;
		_previousClose = null;
		_previousVwap = 0m;
		_pendingOrder = null;
	}

	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);
		ClearSignalState();
		_vwap = new VolumeWeightedAveragePrice();
		Indicators.Add(_vwap);
		StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
		foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
		{
			var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
			quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
			SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
		}
		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription.Bind(ProcessCandle).Start();
		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, _vwap);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
	{
		// Native protection runs before this callback, including between finished candles.
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;
		var date = candle.OpenTime.ToUniversalTime().Date;
		if (_sessionDate != date)
		{
			_sessionDate = date;
			// Reset BEFORE this day's first final bar; a reset jump is not a price crossing.
			_vwap.Reset();
			_previousClose = null;
		}
		var value = _vwap.Process(candle);
		if (value.IsEmpty || !_vwap.IsFormed)
			return;
		var vwap = value.GetValue<decimal>();
		var upwardCross = _previousClose is decimal up && up <= _previousVwap && candle.ClosePrice > vwap;
		var downwardCross = _previousClose is decimal down && down >= _previousVwap && candle.ClosePrice < vwap;
		// Seed the first valid session value and advance history even while orders are pending.
		_previousClose = candle.ClosePrice;
		_previousVwap = vwap;
		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading() ||
			_pendingOrder is not null && _pendingOrder.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed))
			return;
		if (upwardCross && Position <= 0m) BuyMarket(this.ReversalVolume());
		else if (downwardCross && Position >= 0m) SellMarket(this.ReversalVolume());
	}
}