Стратегия Pairs Trading
Данная стратегия отслеживает спред цен между двумя коррелированными инструментами. Сравнивая спред с его историческим средним и стандартным отклонением, система пытается использовать временные расхождения, которые со временем должны сходиться.
Тестирование показывает среднегодичную доходность около 88%. Стратегию лучше запускать на фондовом рынке.
Длинный спред открывается, когда спред опускается ниже среднего более чем на заданный множитель отклонения: покупается первый актив и продаётся второй. Короткий спред делает противоположное, когда спред превышает среднее на ту же величину. Позиции закрываются, когда спред возвращается к среднему уровню.
Pairs trading привлекает рыночно-нейтральных трейдеров, предпочитающих относительные возможности вместо направленных сделок. Поскольку обе legs хеджируются, волатильность ниже, хотя стратегия использует стоп‑лосс на спред, чтобы контролировать риск.
Детали
- Условия входа:
- Лонг: Спред < Среднее - Множитель * StdDev
- Шорт: Спред > Среднее + Множитель * StdDev
- Лонг/Шорт: обе стороны.
- Условия выхода:
- Лонг: Выход при возврате спреда к среднему
- Шорт: Выход при возврате спреда к среднему
- Стопы: да, процентный стоп по значению спреда.
- Значения по умолчанию:
LookbackPeriod= 20DeviationMultiplier= 2.0mStopLossPercent= 2mCandleType= TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
- Фильтры:
- Категория: Арбитраж
- Направление: Оба
- Индикаторы: Статистика спреда
- Стопы: Да
- Сложность: Средняя
- Таймфрейм: Внутридневной
- Сезонность: Нет
- Нейросети: Нет
- Дивергенция: Да
- Уровень риска: Средний
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using Ecng.Collections;
using Ecng.Serialization;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Statistical Pairs Trading strategy.
/// Trades the spread between two correlated assets, entering positions when
/// the spread deviates significantly from its mean.
/// </summary>
public class PairsTradingStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _deviationMultiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
private readonly StrategyParam<Security> _secondSecurity;
private SimpleMovingAverage _spreadMA;
private StandardDeviation _spreadStdDev;
private decimal _spread;
private decimal _lastSecondPrice;
/// <summary>
/// Period for calculating mean and standard deviation of the spread.
/// </summary>
public int LookbackPeriod
{
get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Number of standard deviations for entry signals.
/// </summary>
public decimal DeviationMultiplier
{
get => _deviationMultiplier.Value;
set => _deviationMultiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop-loss percentage parameter.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type parameter.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Second security in the pair.
/// </summary>
public Security SecondSecurity
{
get => _secondSecurity.Value;
set => _secondSecurity.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public PairsTradingStrategy()
{
_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period for calculating spread mean and standard deviation", "Parameters")
.SetOptimize(10, 40, 5);
_deviationMultiplier = Param(nameof(DeviationMultiplier), 2.0m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Number of standard deviations for entry signals", "Parameters")
.SetOptimize(1.5m, 3.0m, 0.5m);
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Stop-loss %", "Stop-loss as percentage of spread at entry", "Risk Management")
.SetOptimize(1m, 3m, 0.5m);
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
_secondSecurity = Param<Security>(nameof(SecondSecurity))
.SetDisplay("Second Security", "Second security in the pair", "General")
.SetRequired();
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return
[
(Security, CandleType),
(SecondSecurity, CandleType)
];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnReseted()
{
base.OnReseted();
_spreadMA = null;
_spreadStdDev = null;
_spread = 0;
_lastSecondPrice = 0;
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
if (SecondSecurity == null)
throw new InvalidOperationException("Second security is not specified.");
// Initialize indicators
_spreadMA = new() { Length = LookbackPeriod };
_spreadStdDev = new StandardDeviation { Length = LookbackPeriod };
// Create subscriptions for both securities
var firstSecuritySubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
var secondSecuritySubscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: SecondSecurity);
// Bind to first security candles
firstSecuritySubscription
.Bind(ProcessFirstSecurityCandle)
.Start();
// Bind to second security candles
secondSecuritySubscription
.Bind(ProcessSecondSecurityCandle)
.Start();
// Enable position protection with stop-loss
StartProtection(
takeProfit: new Unit(0, UnitTypes.Absolute), // No take-profit
stopLoss: new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent) // Stop-loss as percentage
);
// Setup chart if available
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, firstSecuritySubscription);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
}
}
private void ProcessFirstSecurityCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
// Skip if we don't have price for the second security yet
if (_lastSecondPrice == 0)
return;
// Calculate the spread: Asset1 - Asset2
_spread = candle.ClosePrice - _lastSecondPrice;
// Process the spread through indicators
var maValue = _spreadMA.Process(new DecimalIndicatorValue(_spreadMA, _spread, candle.ServerTime) { IsFinal = true });
var stdDevValue = _spreadStdDev.Process(new DecimalIndicatorValue(_spreadStdDev, _spread, candle.ServerTime) { IsFinal = true });
// Skip until indicators are formed
if (!_spreadMA.IsFormed || !_spreadStdDev.IsFormed)
return;
decimal spreadMean = maValue.ToDecimal();
decimal spreadStdDev = stdDevValue.ToDecimal();
// Calculate entry thresholds
decimal upperThreshold = spreadMean + (spreadStdDev * DeviationMultiplier);
decimal lowerThreshold = spreadMean - (spreadStdDev * DeviationMultiplier);
// Trading logic
if (_spread < lowerThreshold)
{
// Spread is below lower threshold:
// Buy Asset1 (Security), Sell Asset2 (SecondSecurity)
if (Position <= 0)
{
// Close any existing position and enter new position
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
LogInfo($"Long Signal: Spread({_spread:F4}) < Lower Threshold({lowerThreshold:F4})");
// Note: In a real implementation, you would also place a sell order
// for the second security here, using a different strategy instance or connector
}
}
else if (_spread > upperThreshold)
{
// Spread is above upper threshold:
// Sell Asset1 (Security), Buy Asset2 (SecondSecurity)
if (Position >= 0)
{
// Close any existing position and enter new position
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
LogInfo($"Short Signal: Spread({_spread:F4}) > Upper Threshold({upperThreshold:F4})");
// Note: In a real implementation, you would also place a buy order
// for the second security here, using a different strategy instance or connector
}
}
else if ((_spread > spreadMean && Position > 0) ||
(_spread < spreadMean && Position < 0))
{
// Exit signals: Spread returned to the mean
if (Position > 0)
{
SellMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
LogInfo($"Exit Long: Spread({_spread:F4}) > Mean({spreadMean:F4})");
}
else if (Position < 0)
{
BuyMarket(Math.Abs(Position));
LogInfo($"Exit Short: Spread({_spread:F4}) < Mean({spreadMean:F4})");
}
}
}
private void ProcessSecondSecurityCandle(ICandleMessage candle)
{
// Store the close price of the second security for spread calculation
_lastSecondPrice = candle.ClosePrice;
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
from System import TimeSpan, Math
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, UnitTypes, Unit, CandleStates
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, StandardDeviation
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Security, Subscription
from datatype_extensions import *
from indicator_extensions import *
class pairs_trading_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Statistical Pairs Trading strategy.
Trades the spread between two correlated assets, entering positions when
the spread deviates significantly from its mean.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(pairs_trading_strategy, self).__init__()
# Strategy parameters
self._lookback_period = self.Param("LookbackPeriod", 20) \
.SetGreaterThanZero() \
.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period for calculating spread mean and standard deviation", "Parameters") \
.SetCanOptimize(True) \
.SetOptimize(10, 40, 5)
self._deviation_multiplier = self.Param("DeviationMultiplier", 2.0) \
.SetGreaterThanZero() \
.SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Number of standard deviations for entry signals", "Parameters") \
.SetCanOptimize(True) \
.SetOptimize(1.5, 3.0, 0.5)
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0) \
.SetGreaterThanZero() \
.SetDisplay("Stop-loss %", "Stop-loss as percentage of spread at entry", "Risk Management") \
.SetCanOptimize(True) \
.SetOptimize(1.0, 3.0, 0.5)
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", tf(5)) \
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
self._second_security = self.Param[Security]("SecondSecurity", None) \
.SetDisplay("Second Security", "Second security in the pair", "General") \
.SetRequired()
# Internal state
self._spread_ma = None
self._spread_std_dev = None
self._spread = 0
self._last_second_price = 0
@property
def lookback_period(self):
"""Period for calculating mean and standard deviation of the spread."""
return self._lookback_period.Value
@lookback_period.setter
def lookback_period(self, value):
self._lookback_period.Value = value
@property
def deviation_multiplier(self):
"""Number of standard deviations for entry signals."""
return self._deviation_multiplier.Value
@deviation_multiplier.setter
def deviation_multiplier(self, value):
self._deviation_multiplier.Value = value
@property
def stop_loss_percent(self):
"""Stop-loss percentage parameter."""
return self._stop_loss_percent.Value
@stop_loss_percent.setter
def stop_loss_percent(self, value):
self._stop_loss_percent.Value = value
@property
def candle_type(self):
"""Candle type parameter."""
return self._candle_type.Value
@candle_type.setter
def candle_type(self, value):
self._candle_type.Value = value
@property
def second_security(self):
"""Second security in the pair."""
return self._second_security.Value
@second_security.setter
def second_security(self, value):
self._second_security.Value = value
def GetWorkingSecurities(self):
"""Return the securities and candle type this strategy works with."""
return [
(self.Security, self.candle_type),
(self.second_security, self.candle_type)
]
def OnReseted(self):
super(pairs_trading_strategy, self).OnReseted()
self._spread_ma = None
self._spread_std_dev = None
self._spread = 0
self._last_second_price = 0
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(pairs_trading_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
if self.second_security is None:
raise Exception("Second security is not specified.")
# Initialize indicators
self._spread_ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
self._spread_ma.Length = self.lookback_period
self._spread_std_dev = StandardDeviation()
self._spread_std_dev.Length = self.lookback_period
# Create subscriptions for both securities
first_subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
second_subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type, self.second_security)
# Bind to first security candles
first_subscription.Bind(self.ProcessFirstSecurityCandle).Start()
# Bind to second security candles
second_subscription.Bind(self.ProcessSecondSecurityCandle).Start()
# Enable position protection with stop-loss
self.StartProtection(
takeProfit=Unit(0, UnitTypes.Absolute),
stopLoss=Unit(self.stop_loss_percent, UnitTypes.Percent)
)
# Setup chart if available
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, first_subscription)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
def ProcessFirstSecurityCandle(self, candle):
# Skip if we don't have price for the second security yet
if self._last_second_price == 0:
return
# Skip unfinished candles
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
# Skip if strategy is not ready to trade
# Calculate the spread: Asset1 - Asset2
self._spread = float(candle.ClosePrice - self._last_second_price)
# Process the spread through indicators
ma_value = process_float(self._spread_ma, self._spread, candle.ServerTime, True)
std_dev_value = process_float(self._spread_std_dev, self._spread, candle.ServerTime, True)
# Skip until indicators are formed
if not self._spread_ma.IsFormed or not self._spread_std_dev.IsFormed:
return
spread_mean = float(ma_value)
spread_std_dev = float(std_dev_value)
# Calculate entry thresholds
upper_threshold = spread_mean + (spread_std_dev * self.deviation_multiplier)
lower_threshold = spread_mean - (spread_std_dev * self.deviation_multiplier)
# Trading logic
if self._spread < lower_threshold:
# Spread is below lower threshold:
# Buy Asset1 (Security), Sell Asset2 (SecondSecurity)
if self.Position <= 0:
# Close any existing position and enter new position
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
self.LogInfo("Long Signal: Spread({0:F4}) < Lower Threshold({1:F4})".format(
self._spread, lower_threshold))
# Note: In a real implementation, you would also place a sell order
# for the second security here, using a different strategy instance or connector
elif self._spread > upper_threshold:
# Spread is above upper threshold:
# Sell Asset1 (Security), Buy Asset2 (SecondSecurity)
if self.Position >= 0:
# Close any existing position and enter new position
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + Math.Abs(self.Position))
self.LogInfo("Short Signal: Spread({0:F4}) > Upper Threshold({1:F4})".format(
self._spread, upper_threshold))
# Note: In a real implementation, you would also place a buy order
# for the second security here, using a different strategy instance or connector
elif (self._spread > spread_mean and self.Position > 0) or \
(self._spread < spread_mean and self.Position < 0):
# Exit signals: Spread returned to the mean
if self.Position > 0:
self.SellMarket(Math.Abs(self.Position))
self.LogInfo("Exit Long: Spread({0:F4}) > Mean({1:F4})".format(
self._spread, spread_mean))
elif self.Position < 0:
self.BuyMarket(Math.Abs(self.Position))
self.LogInfo("Exit Short: Spread({0:F4}) < Mean({1:F4})".format(
self._spread, spread_mean))
def ProcessSecondSecurityCandle(self, candle):
# Store the close price of the second security for spread calculation
if candle.State == CandleStates.Finished:
self._last_second_price = float(candle.ClosePrice)
def CreateClone(self):
"""!! REQUIRED!! Creates a new instance of the strategy."""
return pairs_trading_strategy()