Estratégia de Reversão Z-Score
A estratégia de Reversão Z-Score mede o quanto o preço se desvia de uma média móvel em termos de desvios padrão. O Z-Score resultante destaca condições estatisticamente estendidas que podem se reverter em direção à média.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 91%. Funciona melhor no mercado de ações.
Uma operação comprada é aberta quando o Z-Score cai abaixo de um limiar negativo, sinalizando um mercado sobrevendido. Uma operação vendida é realizada quando o Z-Score sobe acima do limiar positivo. A posição é fechada assim que o Z-Score cruza de volta por zero, indicando que o preço se normalizou.
Esta técnica é atraente para traders de reversão à média que preferem níveis de entrada objetivos. O percentual de stop-loss mantém os movimentos adversos gerenciáveis enquanto se aguarda a reversão.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada:
- Comprado: Z-Score < -Limiar
- Vendido: Z-Score > Limiar
- Comprado/Vendido: Ambos os lados.
- Critérios de saída:
- Comprado: Sair quando o Z-Score cruza acima de 0
- Vendido: Sair quando o Z-Score cruza abaixo de 0
- Stops: Sim, stop-loss percentual.
- Valores padrão:
LookbackPeriod = 20
ZScoreThreshold = 2
StopLossPercent = 2
O Z-Score é (fechamento - SMA) / StdDev, com a média móvel simples e o desvio padrão dos fechamentos sobre os mesmos LookbackPeriod candles. O stop é um StopLossPercent fixo do preço de entrada, vigiado também entre os candles. Um sinal de entrada contra uma posição aberta a inverte.
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Reversão à média
- Direção: Ambos
- Indicadores: Z-Score
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Intermediário
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Não
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// ZScore Reversal strategy.
/// The Z-Score is the distance of the close from the LookbackPeriod simple moving average in standard deviations over the same candles.
/// A Z-Score below minus ZScoreThreshold goes long and one above ZScoreThreshold goes short, reversing an opposite position.
/// A long closes once the Z-Score crosses above zero and a short once it crosses below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class ZScoreReversalStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _zScoreThreshold;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
/// <summary>
/// Period of the moving average and the standard deviation.
/// </summary>
public int LookbackPeriod
{
get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position.
/// </summary>
public decimal ZScoreThreshold
{
get => _zScoreThreshold.Value;
set => _zScoreThreshold.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public ZScoreReversalStrategy()
{
_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators");
_zScoreThreshold = Param(nameof(ZScoreThreshold), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Z-Score Threshold", "Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
var ma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = LookbackPeriod };
var stdev = new StandardDeviation { Length = LookbackPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(ma, stdev, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, ma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
if (oscillators != null)
{
DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev);
}
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue maValue, IIndicatorValue stdDevValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!maValue.IsFormed || !stdDevValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var deviation = stdDevValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (deviation == 0)
return;
var zScore = (candle.ClosePrice - maValue.GetValue<decimal>()) / deviation;
if (zScore < -ZScoreThreshold && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (zScore > ZScoreThreshold && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position > 0 && zScore > 0)
SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0 && zScore < 0)
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, StandardDeviation
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class z_score_reversal_strategy(Strategy):
"""
ZScore Reversal strategy.
The Z-Score is the distance of the close from the LookbackPeriod simple moving average in standard deviations over the same candles.
A Z-Score below minus ZScoreThreshold goes long and one above ZScoreThreshold goes short, reversing an opposite position.
A long closes once the Z-Score crosses above zero and a short once it crosses below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(z_score_reversal_strategy, self).__init__()
self._lookback_period = self.Param("LookbackPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators")
self._z_score_threshold = self.Param("ZScoreThreshold", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Z-Score Threshold", "Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(z_score_reversal_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
ma.Length = self._lookback_period.Value
stdev = StandardDeviation()
stdev.Length = self._lookback_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(ma, stdev, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, ma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
oscillators = self.CreateChartArea()
if oscillators is not None:
self.DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, ma_value, std_dev_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if not ma_value.IsFormed or not std_dev_value.IsFormed:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
deviation = std_dev_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if deviation == 0:
return
z_score = (candle.ClosePrice - ma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)) / deviation
threshold = Decimal(self._z_score_threshold.Value)
if z_score < -threshold and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif z_score > threshold and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position > 0 and z_score > 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and z_score < 0:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
def CreateClone(self):
return z_score_reversal_strategy()