Z-Score-Umkehr-Strategie
Die Z-Score-Umkehr-Strategie misst, wie weit der Preis in Standardabweichungen von einem gleitenden Durchschnitt abweicht. Der resultierende Z-Score hebt statistisch überdehnte Bedingungen hervor, die möglicherweise zur Mitte zurückschnappen.
Tests zeigen eine durchschnittliche jährliche Rendite von etwa 91%. Sie funktioniert am besten am Aktienmarkt.
Ein Long-Trade wird eröffnet, wenn der Z-Score unter einen negativen Schwellenwert fällt, was einen überverkauften Markt signalisiert. Ein Short-Trade wird eingegangen, wenn der Z-Score über den positiven Schwellenwert steigt. Die Position wird geschlossen, sobald der Z-Score wieder durch null kreuzt, was darauf hinweist, dass sich der Preis normalisiert hat.
Diese Technik ist für Mean-Reversion-Trader attraktiv, die objektive Einstiegsniveaus bevorzugen. Der Stop-Loss-Prozentsatz hält ungünstige Bewegungen beherrschbar, während auf die Umkehr gewartet wird.
Details
- Einstiegskriterien:
- Long: Z-Score < -Schwellenwert
- Short: Z-Score > Schwellenwert
- Long/Short: Beide Seiten.
- Ausstiegskriterien:
- Long: Ausstieg, wenn Z-Score über 0 kreuzt
- Short: Ausstieg, wenn Z-Score unter 0 kreuzt
- Stops: Ja, prozentualer Stop-Loss.
- Standardwerte:
LookbackPeriod = 20
ZScoreThreshold = 2
StopLossPercent = 2
Der Z-Score ist (Schluss - SMA) / StdDev, mit dem einfachen gleitenden Durchschnitt und der Standardabweichung der Schlusskurse über dieselben LookbackPeriod Kerzen. Der Stop liegt bei festen StopLossPercent vom Einstiegspreis und wird auch zwischen den Kerzen überwacht. Ein Einstiegssignal gegen eine offene Position dreht sie.
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10)
- Filter:
- Kategorie: Mean Reversion
- Richtung: Beide
- Indikatoren: Z-Score
- Stops: Ja
- Komplexität: Mittel
- Zeitrahmen: Intraday
- Saisonalität: Nein
- Neuronale Netze: Nein
- Divergenz: Nein
- Risikolevel: Mittel
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// ZScore Reversal strategy.
/// The Z-Score is the distance of the close from the LookbackPeriod simple moving average in standard deviations over the same candles.
/// A Z-Score below minus ZScoreThreshold goes long and one above ZScoreThreshold goes short, reversing an opposite position.
/// A long closes once the Z-Score crosses above zero and a short once it crosses below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class ZScoreReversalStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _lookbackPeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _zScoreThreshold;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
/// <summary>
/// Period of the moving average and the standard deviation.
/// </summary>
public int LookbackPeriod
{
get => _lookbackPeriod.Value;
set => _lookbackPeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position.
/// </summary>
public decimal ZScoreThreshold
{
get => _zScoreThreshold.Value;
set => _zScoreThreshold.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public ZScoreReversalStrategy()
{
_lookbackPeriod = Param(nameof(LookbackPeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators");
_zScoreThreshold = Param(nameof(ZScoreThreshold), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Z-Score Threshold", "Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
var ma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = LookbackPeriod };
var stdev = new StandardDeviation { Length = LookbackPeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(ma, stdev, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, ma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
if (oscillators != null)
{
DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev);
}
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue maValue, IIndicatorValue stdDevValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!maValue.IsFormed || !stdDevValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var deviation = stdDevValue.GetValue<decimal>();
if (deviation == 0)
return;
var zScore = (candle.ClosePrice - maValue.GetValue<decimal>()) / deviation;
if (zScore < -ZScoreThreshold && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (zScore > ZScoreThreshold && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position > 0 && zScore > 0)
SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0 && zScore < 0)
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, StandardDeviation
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class z_score_reversal_strategy(Strategy):
"""
ZScore Reversal strategy.
The Z-Score is the distance of the close from the LookbackPeriod simple moving average in standard deviations over the same candles.
A Z-Score below minus ZScoreThreshold goes long and one above ZScoreThreshold goes short, reversing an opposite position.
A long closes once the Z-Score crosses above zero and a short once it crosses below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(z_score_reversal_strategy, self).__init__()
self._lookback_period = self.Param("LookbackPeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Lookback Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators")
self._z_score_threshold = self.Param("ZScoreThreshold", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Z-Score Threshold", "Z-Score distance from zero that opens a position", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(z_score_reversal_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
ma.Length = self._lookback_period.Value
stdev = StandardDeviation()
stdev.Length = self._lookback_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(ma, stdev, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, ma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
oscillators = self.CreateChartArea()
if oscillators is not None:
self.DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, ma_value, std_dev_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if not ma_value.IsFormed or not std_dev_value.IsFormed:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
deviation = std_dev_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
if deviation == 0:
return
z_score = (candle.ClosePrice - ma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)) / deviation
threshold = Decimal(self._z_score_threshold.Value)
if z_score < -threshold and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif z_score > threshold and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position > 0 and z_score > 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and z_score < 0:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
def CreateClone(self):
return z_score_reversal_strategy()