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Hammer Candle Reversal

Hammer candles often mark an intraday reversal after selling pressure subsides. This strategy looks for a hammer pattern and enters long, anticipating a rebound.

Testing indicates an average annual return of about 64%. It performs best in the forex market.

The system requires a lower shadow at least twice the body and little upper shadow. Once identified, it buys with volume size and waits for profit or stop-loss.

Details

  • Entry Criteria: Hammer candle detected.
  • Long/Short: Long only.
  • Exit Criteria: Stop-loss or discretionary exit.
  • Stops: Yes.
  • Default Values:
    • CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
  • Filters:
    • Category: Pattern
    • Direction: Long
    • Indicators: Candlestick
    • Stops: Yes
    • Complexity: Basic
    • Timeframe: Intraday
    • Seasonality: No
    • Neural Networks: No
    • Divergence: No
    • Risk Level: Medium
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

/// <summary>
/// Hammer Candle strategy.
/// Enters long on hammer pattern (long lower shadow, small upper shadow).
/// Enters short on inverted hammer (long upper shadow, small lower shadow).
/// Exits via SMA crossover.
/// </summary>
public class HammerCandleStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maPeriod;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _cooldownBars;

	private int _cooldown;

	/// <summary>
	/// MA Period for exit.
	/// </summary>
	public int MAPeriod
	{
		get => _maPeriod.Value;
		set => _maPeriod.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Candle type and timeframe.
	/// </summary>
	public DataType CandleType
	{
		get => _candleType.Value;
		set => _candleType.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Cooldown bars between trades.
	/// </summary>
	public int CooldownBars
	{
		get => _cooldownBars.Value;
		set => _cooldownBars.Value = value;
	}

	/// <summary>
	/// Constructor.
	/// </summary>
	public HammerCandleStrategy()
	{
		_maPeriod = Param(nameof(MAPeriod), 20)
			.SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period for SMA", "Indicators");

		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");

		_cooldownBars = Param(nameof(CooldownBars), 500)
			.SetRange(1, 1000)
			.SetDisplay("Cooldown Bars", "Bars to wait between trades", "General");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
	{
		return [(Security, CandleType)];
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_cooldown = default;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		base.OnStarted2(time);

		_cooldown = 0;

		var sma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MAPeriod };

		var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
		subscription
			.Bind(sma, ProcessCandle)
			.Start();

		var area = CreateChartArea();
		if (area != null)
		{
			DrawCandles(area, subscription);
			DrawIndicator(area, sma);
			DrawOwnTrades(area);
		}
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, decimal smaValue)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
			return;

		if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
			return;

		if (_cooldown > 0)
		{
			_cooldown--;
			return;
		}

		var bodySize = Math.Abs(candle.OpenPrice - candle.ClosePrice);
		var lowerShadow = Math.Min(candle.OpenPrice, candle.ClosePrice) - candle.LowPrice;
		var upperShadow = candle.HighPrice - Math.Max(candle.OpenPrice, candle.ClosePrice);

		var isHammer = bodySize > 0 && lowerShadow > bodySize * 2m && upperShadow < bodySize * 0.5m;
		var isInvertedHammer = bodySize > 0 && upperShadow > bodySize * 2m && lowerShadow < bodySize * 0.5m;

		if (Position == 0 && isHammer && candle.ClosePrice < smaValue)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position == 0 && isInvertedHammer && candle.ClosePrice > smaValue)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position > 0 && candle.ClosePrice < smaValue)
		{
			SellMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
		else if (Position < 0 && candle.ClosePrice > smaValue)
		{
			BuyMarket();
			_cooldown = CooldownBars;
		}
	}
}