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Low Volatility Stocks

交易规则

用 VolWindowDays + 1 个完整日收盘价计算 VolWindowDays 个简单日收益 r[d] = P[d] / P[d−1] − 1。波动率采用样本标准差 sqrt(Σ(r−mean(r))² / (VolWindowDays−1))。每月做多波动最低的 Deciles 组，做空最高组，每侧 floor(有效数量 / Deciles) 个，美元预算相等。不使用基准价差、趋势门槛或日内波动阈值。

仅处理时间戳一致的已完成蜡烛。统计按不同 UTC 日期计数，同一天的盘中收盘值会被后续值替换。每月在第一个满足条件的同步收盘信号上再平衡一次；数据不足时延迟。相同分数按 Security.Id 排序。

所有观测必须在信号蜡烛收盘前发布。日内执行仅使用当前 UTC 日期之前的日价格；完整日蜡烛可计入自身日期。未来 CSV 日期不得提前预热决策。

输入数据

PriceHistoryFile 为可选的正值日收盘价 CSV：SecurityId,Date,Close；日期格式 yyyy-MM-dd。当前或未来日期不能提前预热决策，实时已完成蜡烛覆盖对应 UTC 日期。禁止重复日期。执行历史较短时可用于长周期预热。

参数

参数 默认值
Universe 必填
Capital 100000
Leverage 1
MinTradeUsd 200
CandleType TimeSpan.FromDays(1).TimeFrame()
PriceHistoryFile 可选 — 未提供
VolWindowDays 60
Deciles 10

成交与仓位

必须显式设置 Universe。价格与 Capital 采用 USD，每个价格单位对应一个交易单位。Capital 是固定预算，Leverage 控制总敞口。不添加止损或止盈。

多头和空头各分配 Capital × Leverage 的一半，各篮子内等额分配。按信号收盘价换算数量，并按 VolumeStep 向零取整。根据实际成交仓位调整，等待未完成订单，遵守 MinVolume/MaxVolume，并在后续蜡烛继续大额调整。MinTradeUsd 过滤小额调整，但完整平仓不受此过滤限制。

验证

两种语言均使用随附 BTC/TON 执行数据和明确的利率、财务、评分、文本及预热测试数据。日历测试重新定位归档 OHLC/成交量并提供确定性报价，并非多年市场历史。检查独立公式、订单方向/数量、真实成交、剩余仓位及禁止决策日期。两组、K=1 和 AssetDecile=1 是明确的机制测试配置，不能证明完整生产证券池。无盈利承诺。

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

/// <summary>Low Volatility Stocks with point-in-time inputs and execution-based portfolio accounting.</summary>
public class LowVolatilityStocksStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<IEnumerable<Security>> _universe;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _capital;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _leverage;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _minTradeUsd;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<string> _priceHistoryFile;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _volWindowDays;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _deciles;
	private Security[] _securities = [];
	private readonly Dictionary<Security, (DateTime time, decimal price)> _latest = [];
	private readonly Dictionary<Security, SortedDictionary<DateTime, decimal>> _history = [];
	private readonly Dictionary<Security, decimal> _targets = [];
	private readonly List<Order> _pending = [];
	private int _lastRebalance;
	private DateTime? _lastBar;

	/// <summary>Explicit execution securities with valid native volume metadata.</summary>
	public IEnumerable<Security> Universe { get => _universe.Value; set => _universe.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Fixed capital budget in USD.</summary>
	public decimal Capital { get => _capital.Value; set => _capital.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Gross target exposure divided by the capital budget.</summary>
	public decimal Leverage { get => _leverage.Value; set => _leverage.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Minimum USD adjustment; complete liquidation bypasses this filter.</summary>
	public decimal MinTradeUsd { get => _minTradeUsd.Value; set => _minTradeUsd.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Finished execution candle type.</summary>
	public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Optional daily close CSV; future dates cannot prefill a decision.</summary>
	public string PriceHistoryFile { get => _priceHistoryFile.Value; set => _priceHistoryFile.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Completed daily returns in the sample standard deviation.</summary>
	public int VolWindowDays { get => _volWindowDays.Value; set => _volWindowDays.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Number of volatility buckets.</summary>
	public int Deciles { get => _deciles.Value; set => _deciles.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Initialize the strategy parameters.</summary>
	public LowVolatilityStocksStrategy()
	{
		_universe = Param<IEnumerable<Security>>(nameof(Universe)).SetRequired()
			.SetDisplay("Universe", "Explicit execution securities with valid native volume metadata", "Parameters");
		_capital = Param(nameof(Capital), 100000m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Capital", "Fixed capital budget in USD", "Parameters");
		_leverage = Param(nameof(Leverage), 1m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Leverage", "Gross target exposure divided by the capital budget", "Parameters");
		_minTradeUsd = Param(nameof(MinTradeUsd), 200m).SetRange(0m, decimal.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("MinTradeUsd", "Minimum USD adjustment; complete liquidation bypasses this filter", "Parameters");
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1440).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("CandleType", "Finished execution candle type", "Parameters");
		_priceHistoryFile = Param<string>(nameof(PriceHistoryFile))
			.SetDisplay("PriceHistoryFile", "Optional daily close CSV; future dates cannot prefill a decision", "Parameters");
		_volWindowDays = Param(nameof(VolWindowDays), 60).SetRange(2, int.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("VolWindowDays", "Completed daily returns in the sample standard deviation", "Parameters");
		_deciles = Param(nameof(Deciles), 10).SetRange(2, int.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("Deciles", "Number of volatility buckets", "Parameters");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		=> (Universe ?? []).Where(s => s is not null).DistinctBy(s => s.Id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Select(s => (s, CandleType));

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_securities = [];
		_latest.Clear();
		_history.Clear();
		_targets.Clear();
		_pending.Clear();
		_lastRebalance = 0;
		_lastBar = null;
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		_securities = (Universe ?? []).ToArray();
		if (_securities.Length == 0 || _securities.Any(s => s is null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s.Id))
			|| _securities.Select(s => s.Id).Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Count() != _securities.Length)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Universe must contain distinct execution securities.");
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			if (security.VolumeStep is not > 0m || security.MinVolume is not > 0m || security.MaxVolume is not > 0m)
				throw new InvalidOperationException("Every security needs positive VolumeStep, MinVolume and MaxVolume.");
			_history[security] = [];
		}
		LoadPriceHistory();

		base.OnStarted2(time);
		foreach (var security in _securities)
			SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: security).Bind(candle => ProcessCandle(security, candle)).Start();
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(Security security, ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || candle.ClosePrice <= 0m) return;
		_latest[security] = (candle.OpenTime, candle.ClosePrice);
		_history[security][candle.OpenTime.Date] = candle.ClosePrice;
		if (_latest.Count != _securities.Length || _latest.Values.Any(v => v.time != candle.OpenTime)
			|| _lastBar == candle.OpenTime || !IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading()) return;
		_lastBar = candle.OpenTime;
		var month = candle.OpenTime.Year * 100 + candle.OpenTime.Month;
		if (_lastRebalance != month && SelectTargets(candle.OpenTime))
			_lastRebalance = month;
		ReconcileTargets();
	}

	private decimal Budget => Capital * Leverage;

	private DateTime AsOf(DateTime time)
		=> CandleType.Arg is TimeSpan frame ? time.Add(frame).AddTicks(-1) : time;

	private decimal UnitPrice(Security security) => _latest[security].price;

	private decimal Units(Security security, decimal notional)
		=> Math.Floor(notional / UnitPrice(security) / security.VolumeStep.Value) * security.VolumeStep.Value;

	private void ReconcileTargets()
	{
		if (_pending.Any(o => o.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed))) return;
		_pending.Clear();
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			if (!_targets.TryGetValue(security, out var target)) continue;
			var delta = target - GetPositionValue(security, Portfolio).GetValueOrDefault();
			if (delta == 0m || (target != 0m && Math.Abs(delta) * UnitPrice(security) < MinTradeUsd)) continue;
			var step = security.VolumeStep.Value;
			var quantity = Math.Floor(Math.Min(Math.Abs(delta), security.MaxVolume.Value) / step) * step;
			if (quantity < security.MinVolume.Value) continue;
			var order = new Order
			{
				Security = security, Portfolio = Portfolio, Type = OrderTypes.Market,
				Side = delta > 0m ? Sides.Buy : Sides.Sell, Volume = quantity, Comment = "0377Rebalance",
			};
			_pending.Add(order);
			RegisterOrder(order);
		}
	}

	private static DateTime ParseUtc(string value)
		=> DateTime.ParseExact(value.Trim(), "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal);

	private static IEnumerable<string[]> ReadRows(string path, string header, int fields)
	{
		using var lines = File.ReadLines(path).GetEnumerator();
		if (!lines.MoveNext() || lines.Current.Trim() != header)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid CSV header: expected " + header + ".");
		while (lines.MoveNext())
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lines.Current)) continue;
			var row = lines.Current.Split(',');
			if (row.Length != fields) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid CSV field count.");
			yield return row;
		}
	}

	private DateTime LastClosedDate(DateTime time)
		=> CandleType.Arg is TimeSpan frame && frame == TimeSpan.FromDays(1) ? time.Date : time.Date.AddDays(-1);

	private decimal[] Daily(Security security, DateTime time, int count, DateTime cutoff)
		=> _history[security].Where(x => x.Key <= LastClosedDate(time) && x.Key < cutoff).Select(x => x.Value).TakeLast(count).ToArray();

	private void LoadPriceHistory()
	{
		if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(PriceHistoryFile)) return;
		foreach (var row in ReadRows(PriceHistoryFile, "SecurityId,Date,Close", 3))
		{
			var security = _securities.SingleOrDefault(s => string.Equals(s.Id, row[0].Trim(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
			if (security is null) continue;
			var date = DateTime.ParseExact(row[1].Trim(), "yyyy-MM-dd", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
			var price = decimal.Parse(row[2], CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
			if (price <= 0m || !_history[security].TryAdd(date, price))
				throw new InvalidOperationException("Daily prices must be positive and unique per security and UTC date.");
		}
	}

	private bool SelectTargets(DateTime time)
	{
		var scores = new List<(Security security, double score)>();
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			var prices = Daily(security, time, VolWindowDays + 1, DateTime.MaxValue);
			if (prices.Length != VolWindowDays + 1) continue;
			var returns = prices.Skip(1).Select((p, i) => (double)(p / prices[i] - 1m)).ToArray();
			var mean = returns.Average();
			var deviation = Math.Sqrt(returns.Sum(r => (r - mean) * (r - mean)) / (VolWindowDays - 1));
			scores.Add((security, deviation));
		}
		if (scores.Count < Deciles) return false;
		var ranked = scores.OrderBy(x => x.score).ThenBy(x => x.security.Id, StringComparer.Ordinal).Select(x => x.security).ToArray();
		var count = ranked.Length / Deciles;
		SetBasketTargets(ranked.Take(count), ranked.TakeLast(count), Budget);
		return true;
	}

	private void SetBasketTargets(IEnumerable<Security> longBasket, IEnumerable<Security> shortBasket, decimal grossCapital)
	{
		var longs = longBasket.ToArray();
		var shorts = shortBasket.ToArray();
		foreach (var security in _securities) _targets[security] = 0m;
		foreach (var security in longs) _targets[security] = Units(security, grossCapital / (2m * longs.Length));
		foreach (var security in shorts) _targets[security] = -Units(security, grossCapital / (2m * shorts.Length));
	}
}