Estratégia Mean Reversion
Esta abordagem estatística busca extremos de curto prazo no preço em relação à sua média recente. A estratégia usa uma média móvel para definir o valor justo e mede o desvio dessa média por meio de um cálculo de desvio padrão.
Os testes indicam um retorno anual médio de aproximadamente 85%. Funciona melhor no mercado de criptomoedas.
Os trades são abertos quando o preço empurra a uma distância definida da média. Uma queda abaixo da banda inferior aciona uma entrada comprada, antecipando um rebote em direção à média, enquanto um rally acima da banda superior provoca um short. Assim que o preço toca a média móvel novamente, qualquer posição aberta é fechada.
O método atrai traders com estilo contrário que desejam zonas de entrada e saída claramente definidas. Por se basear em bandas baseadas em volatilidade, se adapta a mercados mais tranquilos ou mais ativos, mantendo as perdas sob controle por meio de um stop-loss fixo.
Detalhes
- Critérios de entrada:
- Comprado: Price < MA - k*StdDev (below lower band)
- Vendido: Price > MA + k*StdDev (above upper band)
- Comprado/Vendido: Ambos os lados.
- Critérios de saída:
- Comprado: Sair quando o preço cruzar acima da média móvel
- Vendido: Sair quando o preço cruzar abaixo da média móvel
- Stops: Sim.
- Valores padrão:
MovingAveragePeriod = 20
DeviationMultiplier = 2
StopLossPercent = 2
MA é a média móvel simples e StdDev o desvio padrão dos fechamentos dos mesmos MovingAveragePeriod candles, e k é DeviationMultiplier. O stop é um StopLossPercent fixo do preço de entrada, vigiado também entre os candles. Um sinal de entrada contra uma posição aberta a inverte.
CandleType = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5)
- Filtros:
- Categoria: Reversão à média
- Direção: Ambos
- Indicadores: Mean Reversion
- Stops: Sim
- Complexidade: Intermediário
- Período: Intradiário
- Sazonalidade: Não
- Redes neurais: Não
- Divergência: Não
- Nível de risco: Médio
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Ecng.Common;
using StockSharp.Algo.Indicators;
using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;
namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;
/// <summary>
/// Mean Reversion strategy.
/// The bands lie DeviationMultiplier standard deviations around the MovingAveragePeriod simple moving average, both measured over the same
/// candles. A close below the lower band goes long and a close above the upper band goes short, reversing an opposite position.
/// A long closes once price closes above the average and a short once it closes below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
/// </summary>
public class MeanReversionStrategy : Strategy
{
private readonly StrategyParam<int> _movingAveragePeriod;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _deviationMultiplier;
private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _stopLossPercent;
private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
/// <summary>
/// Period of the moving average and the standard deviation.
/// </summary>
public int MovingAveragePeriod
{
get => _movingAveragePeriod.Value;
set => _movingAveragePeriod.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Standard deviations between the average and a band.
/// </summary>
public decimal DeviationMultiplier
{
get => _deviationMultiplier.Value;
set => _deviationMultiplier.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Stop loss percentage from entry price.
/// </summary>
public decimal StopLossPercent
{
get => _stopLossPercent.Value;
set => _stopLossPercent.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Candle type.
/// </summary>
public DataType CandleType
{
get => _candleType.Value;
set => _candleType.Value = value;
}
/// <summary>
/// Constructor.
/// </summary>
public MeanReversionStrategy()
{
_movingAveragePeriod = Param(nameof(MovingAveragePeriod), 20)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators");
_deviationMultiplier = Param(nameof(DeviationMultiplier), 2m)
.SetGreaterThanZero()
.SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators");
_stopLossPercent = Param(nameof(StopLossPercent), 2m)
.SetNotNegative()
.SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk");
_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
.SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General");
}
/// <inheritdoc />
public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
{
return [(Security, CandleType)];
}
/// <inheritdoc />
protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
{
base.OnStarted2(time);
var ma = new SimpleMovingAverage { Length = MovingAveragePeriod };
var stdev = new StandardDeviation { Length = MovingAveragePeriod };
var subscription = SubscribeCandles(CandleType);
subscription
.BindEx(ma, stdev, ProcessCandle)
.Start();
StartProtection(new Unit(), new Unit(StopLossPercent, UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders: true, isLocalStop: true);
// The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
foreach (var field in new[] { Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice })
{
var quotes = new Subscription(DataType.Level1, Security);
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field;
SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(ObserveProtectionQuote).Start();
}
var area = CreateChartArea();
if (area != null)
{
DrawCandles(area, subscription);
DrawIndicator(area, ma);
DrawOwnTrades(area);
var oscillators = CreateChartArea();
if (oscillators != null)
{
DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev);
}
}
}
private void ObserveProtectionQuote(Level1ChangeMessage quote)
{
// The high-level handler activates native protection before this callback, also between signal bars.
}
private void ProcessCandle(ICandleMessage candle, IIndicatorValue maValue, IIndicatorValue stdDevValue)
{
if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished)
return;
if (!maValue.IsFormed || !stdDevValue.IsFormed)
return;
if (!IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading())
return;
var ma = maValue.GetValue<decimal>();
var deviation = stdDevValue.GetValue<decimal>() * DeviationMultiplier;
var upper = ma + deviation;
var lower = ma - deviation;
var close = candle.ClosePrice;
if (close < lower && Position <= 0)
BuyMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (close > upper && Position >= 0)
SellMarket(Volume + Math.Abs(Position));
else if (Position > 0 && close > ma)
SellMarket(Position);
else if (Position < 0 && close < ma)
BuyMarket(-Position);
}
}
import clr
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Messages")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Indicators")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.Algo.Strategies")
clr.AddReference("StockSharp.BusinessEntities")
from System import TimeSpan, Decimal
from StockSharp.Messages import DataType, CandleStates, Unit, UnitTypes, Level1Fields
from StockSharp.BusinessEntities import Subscription
from StockSharp.Algo.Indicators import SimpleMovingAverage, StandardDeviation
from StockSharp.Algo.Strategies import Strategy
class mean_reversion_strategy(Strategy):
"""
Mean Reversion strategy.
The bands lie DeviationMultiplier standard deviations around the MovingAveragePeriod simple moving average, both measured over the same
candles. A close below the lower band goes long and a close above the upper band goes short, reversing an opposite position.
A long closes once price closes above the average and a short once it closes below, and a percent stop limits the loss.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(mean_reversion_strategy, self).__init__()
self._moving_average_period = self.Param("MovingAveragePeriod", 20).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("MA Period", "Period of the moving average and the standard deviation", "Indicators")
self._deviation_multiplier = self.Param("DeviationMultiplier", 2.0).SetGreaterThanZero().SetDisplay("Deviation Multiplier", "Standard deviations between the average and a band", "Indicators")
self._stop_loss_percent = self.Param("StopLossPercent", 2.0).SetNotNegative().SetDisplay("Stop Loss %", "Stop loss percentage from entry price", "Risk")
self._candle_type = self.Param("CandleType", DataType.TimeFrame(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5))).SetDisplay("Candle Type", "Type of candles to use", "General")
@property
def candle_type(self):
return self._candle_type.Value
def OnStarted2(self, time):
super(mean_reversion_strategy, self).OnStarted2(time)
ma = SimpleMovingAverage()
ma.Length = self._moving_average_period.Value
stdev = StandardDeviation()
stdev.Length = self._moving_average_period.Value
subscription = self.SubscribeCandles(self.candle_type)
subscription.BindEx(ma, stdev, self._process_candle).Start()
self.StartProtection(Unit(), Unit(Decimal(self._stop_loss_percent.Value), UnitTypes.Percent), useMarketOrders=True, isLocalStop=True)
# The stop has to see prices between candles, not only at their close.
for field in (Level1Fields.BestBidPrice, Level1Fields.BestAskPrice):
quotes = Subscription(DataType.Level1, self.Security)
quotes.MarketData.BuildField = field
self.SubscribeLevel1(quotes).Bind(self._observe_protection_quote).Start()
area = self.CreateChartArea()
if area is not None:
self.DrawCandles(area, subscription)
self.DrawIndicator(area, ma)
self.DrawOwnTrades(area)
oscillators = self.CreateChartArea()
if oscillators is not None:
self.DrawIndicator(oscillators, stdev)
def _observe_protection_quote(self, quote):
# The high-level handler activates native protection before the callback, including between bars.
pass
def _process_candle(self, candle, ma_value, std_dev_value):
if candle.State != CandleStates.Finished:
return
if not ma_value.IsFormed or not std_dev_value.IsFormed:
return
if not self.IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading():
return
ma = ma_value.GetValue[Decimal](None)
deviation = std_dev_value.GetValue[Decimal](None) * Decimal(self._deviation_multiplier.Value)
upper = ma + deviation
lower = ma - deviation
close = candle.ClosePrice
if close < lower and self.Position <= 0:
self.BuyMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif close > upper and self.Position >= 0:
self.SellMarket(self.Volume + abs(self.Position))
elif self.Position > 0 and close > ma:
self.SellMarket(self.Position)
elif self.Position < 0 and close < ma:
self.BuyMarket(-self.Position)
def CreateClone(self):
return mean_reversion_strategy()