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Earnings Quality Factor

Reglas de negociación

Calidad de beneficios = (OperatingCashFlow − NetIncome) / TotalAssets. En la primera vela sincronizada elegible de RebalanceMonth, usar el período fiscal más reciente y su última revisión publicada hasta el cierre. Comprar el grupo Deciles de mayor calidad y vender el de menor calidad: floor(número elegible / Deciles) títulos por lado. Rebalancear una vez al año y mantener las posiciones hasta la siguiente revisión. La antigüedad desde PeriodEnd no puede superar MaxReportAgeDays.

Se rebalancea una vez al año, en RebalanceMonth, en la primera vela cerrada conjunta apta. Los informes publicados después no afectan decisiones anteriores. MaxReportAgeDays se cuenta desde PeriodEnd.

Las observaciones deben publicarse antes del cierre de la vela de señal. En intradía solo cuentan fechas UTC anteriores; una vela diaria completa aporta su propia fecha. Los datos CSV futuros no pueden anticipar decisiones.

El límite de publicación es el último CloseTime real entre las velas completas sincronizadas. Una sesión puede terminar antes de que transcurra todo el intervalo configurado.

Datos de entrada

FundamentalsFile es obligatorio: SecurityId,PeriodEnd,PublishedAt,TotalAssets,NetIncome,OperatingCashFlow,BookEquity,SharesOutstanding. PeriodEnd: yyyy-MM-dd; PublishedAt: yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ssZ (UTC). Activos y acciones deben ser positivos. Se elige el período más reciente y la última revisión publicada antes de la señal. Se rechazan revisiones duplicadas y publicaciones anteriores al cierre del período. No se inventan fundamentales a partir de velas.

Parámetros

Parámetro Predeterminado
Universe obligatorio
Capital 100000
Leverage 1
MinTradeUsd 100
CandleType TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame()
Deciles 10
RebalanceMonth 7
MaxReportAgeDays 550
FundamentalsFile obligatorio

Ejecución

Universe se configura explícitamente. Los precios y Capital se expresan en USD por unidad negociada. Capital es un presupuesto fijo; Leverage determina la exposición bruta. No se añaden stop loss ni take profit.

Cada cesta recibe la mitad de Capital × Leverage, repartida por igual. Se convierte a unidades al cierre de señal y se redondea hacia cero según VolumeStep. Se usan posiciones realmente ejecutadas, se esperan órdenes pendientes y se respetan MinVolume/MaxVolume dividiendo ajustes grandes entre velas posteriores. MinTradeUsd filtra ajustes pequeños, pero no liquidaciones completas.

Verificación

Ambos lenguajes se prueban con ejecuciones BTC/TON incluidas y fixtures explícitas de tasas, informes, puntuaciones, textos e historial. Las fixtures de calendario trasladan OHLC/volumen y fijan cotizaciones; no son historia de mercado plurianual. Se verifican fórmulas independientes, dirección/tamaño de órdenes, ejecuciones reales, posiciones residuales y fechas prohibidas. Dos grupos, K=1 y AssetDecile=1 son perfiles de mecánica declarados, no prueba del universo completo. Sin promesas de rentabilidad.

namespace StockSharp.Samples.Strategies;

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Globalization;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;

using Ecng.Common;

using StockSharp.Algo.Strategies;
using StockSharp.BusinessEntities;
using StockSharp.Messages;

/// <summary>Earnings Quality Factor with point-in-time inputs and execution-based portfolio accounting.</summary>
public class EarningsQualityFactorStrategy : Strategy
{
	private readonly StrategyParam<IEnumerable<Security>> _universe;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _capital;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _leverage;
	private readonly StrategyParam<decimal> _minTradeUsd;
	private readonly StrategyParam<DataType> _candleType;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _deciles;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _rebalanceMonth;
	private readonly StrategyParam<int> _maxReportAgeDays;
	private readonly StrategyParam<string> _fundamentalsFile;
	private Security[] _securities = [];
	private readonly Dictionary<Security, (DateTime time, decimal price, DateTime closed)> _latest = [];
	private readonly Dictionary<Security, decimal> _targets = [];
	private readonly List<Order> _pending = [];
	private int _lastRebalance;
	private DateTime? _lastBar;

	private sealed record Report(string Id, DateTime Period, DateTime Published, decimal Assets, decimal Income, decimal CashFlow);
	private readonly List<Report> _reports = [];

	/// <summary>Explicit execution securities with valid native volume metadata.</summary>
	public IEnumerable<Security> Universe { get => _universe.Value; set => _universe.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Fixed capital budget in USD.</summary>
	public decimal Capital { get => _capital.Value; set => _capital.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Gross target exposure divided by the capital budget.</summary>
	public decimal Leverage { get => _leverage.Value; set => _leverage.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Minimum USD adjustment; complete liquidation bypasses this filter.</summary>
	public decimal MinTradeUsd { get => _minTradeUsd.Value; set => _minTradeUsd.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Finished execution candle type.</summary>
	public DataType CandleType { get => _candleType.Value; set => _candleType.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Number of quality buckets.</summary>
	public int Deciles { get => _deciles.Value; set => _deciles.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Annual review month in UTC.</summary>
	public int RebalanceMonth { get => _rebalanceMonth.Value; set => _rebalanceMonth.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Maximum age of the latest fiscal year end in calendar days.</summary>
	public int MaxReportAgeDays { get => _maxReportAgeDays.Value; set => _maxReportAgeDays.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Required point-in-time annual financial reports.</summary>
	public string FundamentalsFile { get => _fundamentalsFile.Value; set => _fundamentalsFile.Value = value; }

	/// <summary>Initialize the strategy parameters.</summary>
	public EarningsQualityFactorStrategy()
	{
		_universe = Param<IEnumerable<Security>>(nameof(Universe)).SetRequired()
			.SetDisplay("Universe", "Explicit execution securities with valid native volume metadata", "Parameters");
		_capital = Param(nameof(Capital), 100000m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Capital", "Fixed capital budget in USD", "Parameters");
		_leverage = Param(nameof(Leverage), 1m).SetGreaterThanZero()
			.SetDisplay("Leverage", "Gross target exposure divided by the capital budget", "Parameters");
		_minTradeUsd = Param(nameof(MinTradeUsd), 100m).SetRange(0m, decimal.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("MinTradeUsd", "Minimum USD adjustment; complete liquidation bypasses this filter", "Parameters");
		_candleType = Param(nameof(CandleType), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5).TimeFrame())
			.SetDisplay("CandleType", "Finished execution candle type", "Parameters");
		_deciles = Param(nameof(Deciles), 10).SetRange(2, int.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("Deciles", "Number of quality buckets", "Parameters");
		_rebalanceMonth = Param(nameof(RebalanceMonth), 7).SetRange(1, 12)
			.SetDisplay("RebalanceMonth", "Annual review month in UTC", "Parameters");
		_maxReportAgeDays = Param(nameof(MaxReportAgeDays), 550).SetRange(1, int.MaxValue)
			.SetDisplay("MaxReportAgeDays", "Maximum age of the latest fiscal year end in calendar days", "Parameters");
		_fundamentalsFile = Param<string>(nameof(FundamentalsFile)).SetRequired()
			.SetDisplay("FundamentalsFile", "Required point-in-time annual financial reports", "Parameters");
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	public override IEnumerable<(Security sec, DataType dt)> GetWorkingSecurities()
		=> (Universe ?? []).Where(s => s is not null).DistinctBy(s => s.Id, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Select(s => (s, CandleType));

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnReseted()
	{
		base.OnReseted();
		_securities = [];
		_latest.Clear();
		_targets.Clear();
		_pending.Clear();
		_lastRebalance = 0;
		_lastBar = null;
		_reports.Clear();
	}

	/// <inheritdoc />
	protected override void OnStarted2(DateTime time)
	{
		_securities = (Universe ?? []).ToArray();
		if (_securities.Length == 0 || _securities.Any(s => s is null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(s.Id))
			|| _securities.Select(s => s.Id).Distinct(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase).Count() != _securities.Length)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Universe must contain distinct execution securities.");
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			if (security.VolumeStep is not > 0m || security.MinVolume is not > 0m || security.MaxVolume is not > 0m)
				throw new InvalidOperationException("Every security needs positive VolumeStep, MinVolume and MaxVolume.");
		}
		LoadReports();

		base.OnStarted2(time);
		foreach (var security in _securities)
			SubscribeCandles(CandleType, security: security).Bind(candle => ProcessCandle(security, candle)).Start();
	}

	private void ProcessCandle(Security security, ICandleMessage candle)
	{
		if (candle.State != CandleStates.Finished || candle.ClosePrice <= 0m) return;
		_latest[security] = (candle.OpenTime, candle.ClosePrice, candle.CloseTime);
		if (_latest.Count != _securities.Length || _latest.Values.Any(v => v.time != candle.OpenTime)
			|| _lastBar == candle.OpenTime || !IsFormedAndOnlineAndAllowTrading()) return;
		_lastBar = candle.OpenTime;
		var month = candle.OpenTime.Year * 100 + candle.OpenTime.Month;
		if (_lastRebalance / 100 != candle.OpenTime.Year && SelectTargets(candle.OpenTime, _latest.Values.Max(v => v.closed)))
			_lastRebalance = month;
		ReconcileTargets();
	}

	private decimal Budget => Capital * Leverage;

	private decimal UnitPrice(Security security) => _latest[security].price;

	private decimal Units(Security security, decimal notional)
		=> Math.Floor(notional / UnitPrice(security) / security.VolumeStep.Value) * security.VolumeStep.Value;

	private void ReconcileTargets()
	{
		if (_pending.Any(o => o.State is not (OrderStates.Done or OrderStates.Failed))) return;
		_pending.Clear();
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			if (!_targets.TryGetValue(security, out var target)) continue;
			var delta = target - GetPositionValue(security, Portfolio).GetValueOrDefault();
			if (delta == 0m || (target != 0m && Math.Abs(delta) * UnitPrice(security) < MinTradeUsd)) continue;
			var step = security.VolumeStep.Value;
			var quantity = Math.Floor(Math.Min(Math.Abs(delta), security.MaxVolume.Value) / step) * step;
			if (quantity < security.MinVolume.Value) continue;
			var order = new Order
			{
				Security = security, Portfolio = Portfolio, Type = OrderTypes.Market,
				Side = delta > 0m ? Sides.Buy : Sides.Sell, Volume = quantity, Comment = "0370Rebalance",
			};
			_pending.Add(order);
			RegisterOrder(order);
		}
	}

	private static DateTime ParseUtc(string value)
		=> DateTime.ParseExact(value.Trim(), "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, DateTimeStyles.AssumeUniversal | DateTimeStyles.AdjustToUniversal);

	private static IEnumerable<string[]> ReadRows(string path, string header, int fields)
	{
		using var lines = File.ReadLines(path).GetEnumerator();
		if (!lines.MoveNext() || lines.Current.Trim() != header)
			throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid CSV header: expected " + header + ".");
		while (lines.MoveNext())
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(lines.Current)) continue;
			var row = lines.Current.Split(',');
			if (row.Length != fields) throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid CSV field count.");
			yield return row;
		}
	}

	private void LoadReports()
	{
		var keys = new HashSet<(string, DateTime, DateTime)>();
		foreach (var row in ReadRows(FundamentalsFile, "SecurityId,PeriodEnd,PublishedAt,TotalAssets,NetIncome,OperatingCashFlow,BookEquity,SharesOutstanding", 8))
		{
			var id = row[0].Trim();
			if (!_securities.Any(s => string.Equals(s.Id, id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))) continue;
			var period = DateTime.ParseExact(row[1].Trim(), "yyyy-MM-dd", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
			var published = ParseUtc(row[2]);
			var values = row.Skip(3).Select(x => decimal.Parse(x, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)).ToArray();
			if (values[0] <= 0m || values[4] <= 0m || published.Date < period || !keys.Add((id.ToUpperInvariant(), period, published)))
				throw new InvalidOperationException("Reports need positive assets/shares, causal publication dates and unique revisions.");
			_reports.Add(new(id, period, published, values[0], values[1], values[2]));
		}
	}

	private Report FindReport(Security security, DateTime asOf, DateTime? period = null)
		=> _reports.Where(r => string.Equals(r.Id, security.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
			&& r.Published <= asOf && r.Period <= asOf.Date && (period is null || r.Period == period))
			.OrderByDescending(r => r.Period).ThenByDescending(r => r.Published).FirstOrDefault();

	private bool SelectTargets(DateTime time, DateTime asOf)
	{
		if (time.Month != RebalanceMonth) return false;
		var scores = new List<(Security security, decimal score)>();
		foreach (var security in _securities)
		{
			var report = FindReport(security, asOf);
			if (report is null || (time.Date - report.Period).TotalDays > MaxReportAgeDays) continue;
			scores.Add((security, (report.CashFlow - report.Income) / report.Assets));
		}
		if (scores.Count < Deciles) return false;
		var ranked = scores.OrderByDescending(x => x.score).ThenBy(x => x.security.Id, StringComparer.Ordinal).Select(x => x.security).ToArray();
		var count = ranked.Length / Deciles;
		SetBasketTargets(ranked.Take(count), ranked.TakeLast(count), Budget);
		return true;
	}

	private void SetBasketTargets(IEnumerable<Security> longBasket, IEnumerable<Security> shortBasket, decimal grossCapital)
	{
		var longs = longBasket.ToArray();
		var shorts = shortBasket.ToArray();
		foreach (var security in _securities) _targets[security] = 0m;
		foreach (var security in longs) _targets[security] = Units(security, grossCapital / (2m * longs.Length));
		foreach (var security in shorts) _targets[security] = -Units(security, grossCapital / (2m * shorts.Length));
	}
}